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Dictionnaire Biblique de Top Bible

TERRE

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I ASTRE

La terre est un astre appartenant au système solaire. Elle est, dans l'ordre des distances au soleil, la troisième des planètes. Elle a la forme d'une sphère renflée à l'équateur et légèrement aplatie aux pôles, forme que prennent par rotation tous les corps malléables. Elle tourne sur elle-même en 24 heures et autour du soleil en 365 jours 1/4. Ces deux mouvements déterminent les jours et les années. La terre est enveloppée d'une atmosphère de quelques dizaines de kilomètres d'épaisseur et qui se raréfie à mesure qu'on s'éloigne du sol.

On peut considérer qu'elle est formée d'un énorme noyau de matière ignée ; seule une mince couche de quelque cinquante kilomètres est solidifiée, ce qui est fort peu par rapport à son diamètre. Cette couche peut, par suite du refroidissement progressif de l'astre, se contracter et déterminer des plissements de la surface (voir Mont, Tremblement de terre) ; elle peut aussi se fracturer par endroit et laisser échapper la matière ignée centrale, en éruptions volcaniques.

On se fait une idée des proportions relatives des éléments qui composent la terre en la comparant à une orange : la couche solide a environ l'épaisseur relative de la fleur d'une peau d'orange, et le relief du sol n'affecte pas plus sa surface que les rugosités de cette peau.

Bible.

Les Israélites se représentaient la terre, étendue solide et plate, flottant dans l'océan cosmique (Ps 24:2 136:6), retenue par des colonnes qui soutiennent aussi les cieux (1Sa 2:8, Ps 75:4, Job 9:6). Job 26:7 la montre suspendue sur le néant.

La terre a des fondements qui sont dans le lit des mers (2Sa 22:16, Ps 18:16 24:2 82:5, Pr 8:29).

Les extrémités de la terre, malgré sa largeur (Sir 1:3), sont assez vite atteintes (Jer 25:33, De 28:49-64, Ps 2:8 135:7, Esa 41:5, Jer 25:32, Da 4:11, Mt 12:42) ; il y a une extrémité dans les quatre directions cardinales (Esa 11:12) et une longueur déterminée (Job 11:9).

La terre s'oppose aux cieux, (2Sa 18:9,1Ch 16:31 21:16, Ec 5:2, Esa 1:2 66:1 Matthieu 6:10 18:18 28:18 etc.) en sorte que la terre et le ciel constituent tout l'univers, surtout si on y ajoute les eaux qui sont sous la terre. (Ge 1:1 2:1, Ex 20:11,2Ro 19:15, Esa 37:16, Ne 9:6, Jer 23:24 32:17 33:25, Mt 5:18 11:25 24:35, Lu 16:17, Ac 4:24)

Il n'y a pas de terme hébreu pour rendre le sens de « monde » (voir ce mot).

La terre s'oppose aussi à la mer (Ps 66:6, Sir 24:6, Mt 23:15 etc.).

Elle est personnifiée et invoquée dans De 32:1, Job 16:18, Ps 114:7, Esa 1:2, Jer 6:19 22:29.

La terre peut être ébranlée, secouée (2Sa 22:8, Ps 18:8 104:5, Joe 3:16, Esa 13:13). Voir Cosmogonie.

II SOL

Le mot de terre désigne le sol, la matière arable qui porte et nourrit la végétation, par opposition aux rochers et aux cailloux. Elle comprend trois éléments minéraux : le sable, l'argile et le calcaire, et un élément organique : l'humus. Les premiers proviennent de la désagrégation physique ou chimique des roches ; le dernier, de la décomposition des végétaux. Selon la proportion respective de ces éléments, l'aspect et la valeur de la terre varient : terres blanches, crayeuses ; terres jaunes, argilo-calcaires ; terres rouges, argileuses ; terres noires, humifères.

Bible.

La terre produit la végétation (Ge 1:11 3:13 41:47, Mr 4:28) ; la Loi prescrivait son repos tous les 7 ans, en l'honneur de l'Éternel qui a fait les cieux et la terre en 7 jours (Le 25:3 et suivant).

Elle a des animaux : les bêtes de la terre, qui mangent les cadavres (Job 5:22 35:11, Ps 79:2, Esa 18:6, Jer 7:33 15:3, Eze 34:28).

Elle donne à l'homme son fruit (Ge 4:3, De 7:13 28:4,11,18,33, Ps 67:7 85:13) ; la bonne terre donne les bons fruits (Mt 13:8, Mr 4:8), mais il faut la travailler (Esa 5:2,2Ti 2:6, Jas 5:7) et la fumer (Ps 83:11, Jer 8:2 9:22 16:4 25:33, Lu 13:8), car le sol a été maudit (Ge 3:17 4:12).

La terre argileuse sert à faire des vases (Le 6:28 11:33 14:5 15:12, No 5:17, Pr 26:23, Esa 30:14 45:9, Jer 19:1, Ro 9:20,2Co 4:7), mais ces vases sont des récipients fragiles ; elle sert aussi à faire des moules ; voir (2Ch 4:17) Poterie. Par analogie, l'homme est représenté comme ayant été fabriqué par Dieu avec la poussière de la terre (Ge 2:7), où il retournera dans la mort (Ge 3:19, Ec 12:9, Sir 17:1 33:10 40:11)

III HABITANTS

Le mot terre désigne encore tous les habitants de la création de Dieu (Ps 33:14, Esa 26:21 51:6, Da 4:35).

Toute la terre avait une seule langue (Ge 11:1), la terre saura qu'Israël a un Dieu (1Sa 17:46) ; toute la terre doit servir l'Éternel (Ps 33:8 66:4 96:11, Hab 2:20), car elle lui appartient (Ex 9:29,1Co 10:26), et recevoir la paix du Seigneur (Lu 2:14).

Mais la terre n'est pas le Royaume de Dieu (Jn 3:31,1Co 15:47, Col 3:2, Php 3:19), bien que ce soit sur la terre que nous devions glorifier Dieu (Jn 17:4). C'est cette acception du terme terre qui se rapproche le plus de celui de monde.

IV SURFACE

La terre est enfin la surface du sol, vers laquelle tous les objets qui lui sont extérieurs sont attirés par la pesanteur (1Sa 26:20, Am 9:9, Mt 10:29, Jn 18:6, Ap 6:13).

On peut s'y asseoir (Job 2:13, Jer 13:18, La 2:10, Mt 15:35).

Pour saluer un supérieur on se prosterne jusqu'en terre (voir Salutation).

Un jour, Jésus écrit du doigt sur la terre, sans doute pour épargner la femme accusée (Jn 8:6,8). H. L.

Utilisé avec autorisation de Yves PETRAKIAN

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Versets relatifs

    • Genèse 1

      1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.
      11 God said, "Let the earth yield grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit trees bearing fruit after their kind, with its seed in it, on the earth"; and it was so.

      Genèse 2

      1 The heavens and the earth were finished, and all their vast array.
      7 Yahweh God formed man from the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul.

      Genèse 3

      13 Yahweh God said to the woman, "What is this you have done?" The woman said, "The serpent deceived me, and I ate."
      17 To Adam he said, "Because you have listened to your wife's voice, and have eaten of the tree, of which I commanded you, saying, 'You shall not eat of it,' cursed is the ground for your sake. In toil you will eat of it all the days of your life.
      19 By the sweat of your face will you eat bread until you return to the ground, for out of it you were taken. For you are dust, and to dust you shall return."

      Genèse 4

      3 As time passed, it happened that Cain brought an offering to Yahweh from the fruit of the ground.
      12 From now on, when you till the ground, it won't yield its strength to you. You shall be a fugitive and a wanderer in the earth."

      Genèse 11

      1 The whole earth was of one language and of one speech.

      Genèse 41

      47 In the seven plenteous years the earth produced abundantly.

      Exode 9

      29 Moses said to him, "As soon as I have gone out of the city, I will spread abroad my hands to Yahweh. The thunders shall cease, neither shall there be any more hail; that you may know that the earth is Yahweh's.

      Exode 20

      2 "I am Yahweh your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage.
      11 for in six days Yahweh made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and rested the seventh day; therefore Yahweh blessed the Sabbath day, and made it holy.

      Lévitique 6

      28 But the earthen vessel in which it is boiled shall be broken; and if it is boiled in a bronze vessel, it shall be scoured, and rinsed in water.

      Lévitique 11

      33 Every earthen vessel, into which any of them falls, all that is in it shall be unclean, and you shall break it.

      Lévitique 14

      5 The priest shall command them to kill one of the birds in an earthen vessel over running water.

      Lévitique 15

      12 "'The earthen vessel, which he who has the discharge touches, shall be broken; and every vessel of wood shall be rinsed in water.

      Lévitique 25

      3 Six years you shall sow your field, and six years you shall prune your vineyard, and gather in its fruits;

      Nombres 5

      17 and the priest shall take holy water in an earthen vessel; and of the dust that is on the floor of the tabernacle the priest shall take, and put it into the water.

      1 Samuel 2

      8 He raises up the poor out of the dust. He lifts up the needy from the dunghill, To make them sit with princes, and inherit the throne of glory. For the pillars of the earth are Yahweh's. He has set the world on them.

      1 Samuel 17

      46 Today, Yahweh will deliver you into my hand. I will strike you, and take your head from off you. I will give the dead bodies of the army of the Philistines this day to the birds of the sky, and to the wild animals of the earth; that all the earth may know that there is a God in Israel,

      1 Samuel 26

      20 Now therefore, don't let my blood fall to the earth away from the presence of Yahweh; for the king of Israel has come out to seek a flea, as when one hunts a partridge in the mountains."

      2 Samuel 18

      9 Absalom happened to meet the servants of David. Absalom was riding on his mule, and the mule went under the thick boughs of a great oak, and his head caught hold of the oak, and he was taken up between the sky and earth; and the mule that was under him went on.

      2 Samuel 22

      8 Then the earth shook and trembled. The foundations of heaven quaked and were shaken, because he was angry.
      16 Then the channels of the sea appeared. The foundations of the world were laid bare by the rebuke of Yahweh, At the blast of the breath of his nostrils.

      1 Chroniques 16

      31 Let the heavens be glad, and let the earth rejoice! Let them say among the nations, "Yahweh reigns!"

      2 Chroniques 4

      17 The king cast them in the plain of the Jordan, in the clay ground between Succoth and Zeredah.

      Néhémie 9

      6 You are Yahweh, even you alone. You have made heaven, the heaven of heavens, with all their army, the earth and all things that are on it, the seas and all that is in them, and you preserve them all. The army of heaven worships you.

      Job 2

      13 So they sat down with him on the ground seven days and seven nights, and none spoke a word to him, for they saw that his grief was very great.

      Job 5

      22 At destruction and famine you shall laugh, neither shall you be afraid of the animals of the earth.

      Job 9

      6 He shakes the earth out of its place. Its pillars tremble.

      Job 11

      9 Its measure is longer than the earth, and broader than the sea.

      Job 16

      18 "Earth, don't cover my blood. Let my cry have no place to rest.

      Job 26

      7 He stretches out the north over empty space, and hangs the earth on nothing.

      Job 35

      11 who teaches us more than the animals of the earth, and makes us wiser than the birds of the sky?'

      Psaumes 2

      8 Ask of me, and I will give the nations for your inheritance, the uttermost parts of the earth for your possession.

      Psaumes 18

      8 Smoke went out of his nostrils. Consuming fire came out of his mouth. Coals were kindled by it.
      16 He sent from on high. He took me. He drew me out of many waters.

      Psaumes 24

      2 For he has founded it on the seas, and established it on the floods.

      Psaumes 33

      8 Let all the earth fear Yahweh. Let all the inhabitants of the world stand in awe of him.
      14 From the place of his habitation he looks out on all the inhabitants of the earth,

      Psaumes 66

      4 All the earth will worship you, and will sing to you; they will sing to your name." Selah.
      6 He turned the sea into dry land. They went through the river on foot. There, we rejoiced in him.

      Psaumes 67

      7 God will bless us. All the ends of the earth shall fear him.

      Psaumes 75

      4 I said to the arrogant, "Don't boast!" I said to the wicked, "Don't lift up the horn.

      Psaumes 79

      2 They have given the dead bodies of your servants to be food for the birds of the sky, the flesh of your saints to the animals of the earth.

      Psaumes 82

      5 They don't know, neither do they understand. They walk back and forth in darkness. All the foundations of the earth are shaken.

      Psaumes 83

      11 Make their nobles like Oreb and Zeeb; yes, all their princes like Zebah and Zalmunna;

      Psaumes 85

      13 Righteousness goes before him, And prepares the way for his steps.

      Psaumes 96

      11 Let the heavens be glad, and let the earth rejoice. Let the sea roar, and its fullness!

      Psaumes 104

      5 He laid the foundations of the earth, that it should not be moved forever.

      Psaumes 114

      7 Tremble, you earth, at the presence of the Lord, at the presence of the God of Jacob,

      Psaumes 135

      7 who causes the clouds to rise from the ends of the earth; who makes lightnings with the rain; who brings forth the wind out of his treasuries;

      Psaumes 136

      6 To him who spread out the earth above the waters; for his loving kindness endures forever:

      Proverbes 8

      29 when he gave to the sea its boundary, that the waters should not violate his commandment, when he marked out the foundations of the earth;

      Proverbes 26

      23 Like silver dross on an earthen vessel are the lips of a fervent one with an evil heart.

      Ecclésiaste 5

      2 Don't be rash with your mouth, and don't let your heart be hasty to utter anything before God; for God is in heaven, and you on earth. Therefore let your words be few.

      Ecclésiaste 12

      9 Further, because the Preacher was wise, he still taught the people knowledge. Yes, he pondered, sought out, and set in order many proverbs.

      Esaïe 1

      2 Hear, heavens, and listen, earth; for Yahweh has spoken: "I have nourished and brought up children, and they have rebelled against me.

      Esaïe 5

      2 He dug it up, gathered out its stones, planted it with the choicest vine, built a tower in its midst, and also cut out a winepress therein. He looked for it to yield grapes, but it yielded wild grapes.

      Esaïe 11

      12 He will set up a banner for the nations, and will assemble the outcasts of Israel, and gather together the dispersed of Judah from the four corners of the earth.

      Esaïe 13

      13 Therefore I will make the heavens tremble, and the earth will be shaken out of its place in the wrath of Yahweh of Armies, and in the day of his fierce anger.

      Esaïe 18

      6 They will be left together for the ravenous birds of the mountains, and for the animals of the earth. The ravenous birds will summer on them, and all the animals of the earth will winter on them.

      Esaïe 26

      21 For, behold, Yahweh comes forth out of his place to punish the inhabitants of the earth for their iniquity. The earth also will disclose her blood, and will no longer cover her slain.

      Esaïe 30

      14 He will break it as a potter's vessel is broken, breaking it in pieces without sparing, so that there won't be found among the broken piece a piece good enough to take fire from the hearth, or to dip up water out of the cistern."

      Esaïe 37

      16 "Yahweh of Armies, the God of Israel, who is enthroned among the cherubim, you are the God, even you alone, of all the kingdoms of the earth. You have made heaven and earth.

      Esaïe 41

      5 The islands have seen, and fear. The ends of the earth tremble. They approach, and come.

      Esaïe 45

      9 Woe to him who strives with his Maker-- a clay pot among the clay pots of the earth! Shall the clay ask him who fashions it, 'What are you making?' or your work, 'He has no hands?'

      Esaïe 51

      6 Lift up your eyes to the heavens, and look on the earth beneath; for the heavens shall vanish away like smoke, and the earth shall wax old like a garment; and those who dwell therein shall die in the same way: but my salvation shall be forever, and my righteousness shall not be abolished.

      Esaïe 66

      1 Thus says Yahweh, "Heaven is my throne, and the earth is my footstool: what kind of house will you build to me? and what place shall be my rest?

      Jérémie 6

      19 Hear, earth! Behold, I will bring evil on this people, even the fruit of their thoughts, because they have not listened to my words; and as for my law, they have rejected it.

      Jérémie 7

      33 The dead bodies of this people shall be food for the birds of the sky, and for the animals of the earth; and none shall frighten them away.

      Jérémie 8

      2 and they shall spread them before the sun, and the moon, and all the army of the sky, which they have loved, and which they have served, and after which they have walked, and which they have sought, and which they have worshiped: they shall not be gathered, nor be buried, they shall be for dung on the surface of the earth.

      Jérémie 9

      22 Speak, Thus says Yahweh, The dead bodies of men shall fall as dung on the open field, and as the handful after the harvester; and none shall gather them.

      Jérémie 13

      18 Say to the king and to the queen mother, Humble yourselves, sit down; for your headdresses have come down, even the crown of your glory.

      Jérémie 15

      3 I will appoint over them four kinds, says Yahweh: the sword to kill, and the dogs to tear, and the birds of the sky, and the animals of the earth, to devour and to destroy.

      Jérémie 16

      4 They shall die grievous deaths: they shall not be lamented, neither shall they be buried; they shall be as dung on the surface of the ground; and they shall be consumed by the sword, and by famine; and their dead bodies shall be food for the birds of the sky, and for the animals of the earth.

      Jérémie 19

      1 Thus said Yahweh, Go, and buy a potter's earthen bottle, and take some of the elders of the people, and of the elders of the priests;

      Jérémie 22

      29 O earth, earth, earth, hear the word of Yahweh.

      Jérémie 23

      24 Can any hide himself in secret places so that I shall not see him? says Yahweh. Don't I fill heaven and earth? says Yahweh.

      Jérémie 25

      32 Thus says Yahweh of Armies, Behold, evil shall go forth from nation to nation, and a great storm shall be raised up from the uttermost parts of the earth.
      33 The slain of Yahweh shall be at that day from one end of the earth even to the other end of the earth: they shall not be lamented, neither gathered, nor buried; they shall be dung on the surface of the ground.

      Jérémie 32

      17 Ah Lord Yahweh! Behold, you have made the heavens and the earth by your great power and by your outstretched arm; there is nothing too hard for you,

      Jérémie 33

      25 Thus says Yahweh: If my covenant of day and night fails, if I have not appointed the ordinances of heaven and earth;

      Lamentations 2

      10 The elders of the daughter of Zion sit on the ground, they keep silence; They have cast up dust on their heads; they have clothed themselves with sackcloth: The virgins of Jerusalem hang down their heads to the ground.

      Ezéchiel 34

      28 They shall no more be a prey to the nations, neither shall the animals of the earth devour them; but they shall dwell securely, and none shall make them afraid.

      Daniel 4

      11 The tree grew, and was strong, and its height reached to the sky, and its sight to the end of all the earth.
      35 All the inhabitants of the earth are reputed as nothing; and he does according to his will in the army of heaven, and among the inhabitants of the earth; and none can stay his hand, or ask him, What are you doing?

      Joël 3

      16 Yahweh will roar from Zion, and thunder from Jerusalem; and the heavens and the earth will shake; but Yahweh will be a refuge to his people, and a stronghold to the children of Israel.

      Amos 9

      9 "For, behold, I will command, and I will sift the house of Israel among all the nations, as grain is sifted in a sieve, yet not the least kernel will fall on the earth.

      Habacuc 2

      20 But Yahweh is in his holy temple. Let all the earth be silent before him!"

      Matthieu 5

      18 For most certainly, I tell you, until heaven and earth pass away, not even one smallest letter or one tiny pen stroke shall in any way pass away from the law, until all things are accomplished.

      Matthieu 6

      10 Let your Kingdom come. Let your will be done, as in heaven, so on earth.

      Matthieu 10

      29 "Aren't two sparrows sold for an assarion coin ? Not one of them falls on the ground apart from your Father's will,

      Matthieu 11

      25 At that time, Jesus answered, "I thank you, Father, Lord of heaven and earth, that you hid these things from the wise and understanding, and revealed them to infants.

      Matthieu 12

      42 The queen of the south will rise up in the judgment with this generation, and will condemn it, for she came from the ends of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon; and behold, someone greater than Solomon is here.

      Matthieu 13

      8 Others fell on good soil, and yielded fruit: some one hundred times as much, some sixty, and some thirty.

      Matthieu 15

      35 He commanded the multitude to sit down on the ground;

      Matthieu 18

      18 Most certainly I tell you, whatever things you bind on earth will have been bound in heaven, and whatever things you release on earth will have been released in heaven.
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