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XÉNODOCHIE

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Du grec xénos, étranger, et dokhê, réception.

Le devoir d'être secourable aux étrangers (voir ce mot), de les accueillir chez soi, déjà en honneur chez les Hébreux, est recommandé aux chrétiens comme une vertu essentielle, dès l'origine de l'Église (voir Hospitalité).

L'apôtre Paul veut que l'évêque soit hospitalier (philoxénos, 1Ti 3:2, Tit 1:8 ; comp, la philoxénia, dans Ro 12:13, Heb 13:2 ; deux termes d'excellent grec classique) ; saint Paul interdit d'admettre une veuve sur le rôle de l'assistance si l'on ne peut lui rendre le témoignage qu'elle a exercé la xénodochie (1Ti 5:10).

Cette fraternité secourable étonna les païens, volontiers xénophobes, et valut dès le début à l'Église de nombreux adhérents.

Le nom de xénodochie fut donné chez les chrétiens aux premières institutions de solidarité évangélique. A partir du IV e siècle, ces établissements hospitaliers se développent rapidement, à la faveur des monastères, d'abord en Orient, puis dans les Églises de la latinité.

Dans la suite, les xénodochies devinrent les hôtels-Dieu ou hôpitaux, les asiles, les oeuvres d'assistance, les congrégations charitables, en particulier les congrégations de femmes : telles, avant tout, les Soeurs de Charité (1617), dont saint Vincent de Paul prit l'exemple chez les Dames protestantes de Sedan. Née aux premiers jours de l'Eglise apostolique (Ac 2 Ac 6), la xénodochie est mise en plein relief par l'Inst. chrét. de Calvin (IV, 3:9), avec sa double diaconie des procureurs et des hospitaliers

Aujourd'hui, le terme de xénodohhéion est passé dans le langage courant du grec moderne, pour désigner un hôtel (voir Hôtellerie).

Utilisé avec autorisation de Yves PETRAKIAN

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      Actes 2

      1 Now when the day of Pentecost had come, they were all with one accord in one place.
      2 Suddenly there came from the sky a sound like the rushing of a mighty wind, and it filled all the house where they were sitting.
      3 Tongues like fire appeared and were distributed to them, and one sat on each of them.
      4 They were all filled with the Holy Spirit, and began to speak with other languages, as the Spirit gave them the ability to speak.
      5 Now there were dwelling in Jerusalem Jews, devout men, from every nation under the sky.
      6 When this sound was heard, the multitude came together, and were bewildered, because everyone heard them speaking in his own language.
      7 They were all amazed and marveled, saying to one another, "Behold, aren't all these who speak Galileans?
      8 How do we hear, everyone in our own native language?
      9 Parthians, Medes, Elamites, and people from Mesopotamia, Judea, Cappadocia, Pontus, Asia,
      10 Phrygia, Pamphylia, Egypt, the parts of Libya around Cyrene, visitors from Rome, both Jews and proselytes,
      11 Cretans and Arabians: we hear them speaking in our languages the mighty works of God!"
      12 They were all amazed, and were perplexed, saying one to another, "What does this mean?"
      13 Others, mocking, said, "They are filled with new wine."
      14 But Peter, standing up with the eleven, lifted up his voice, and spoke out to them, "You men of Judea, and all you who dwell at Jerusalem, let this be known to you, and listen to my words.
      15 For these aren't drunken, as you suppose, seeing it is only the third hour of the day .
      16 But this is what has been spoken through the prophet Joel:
      17 'It will be in the last days, says God, that I will pour out my Spirit on all flesh. Your sons and your daughters will prophesy. Your young men will see visions. Your old men will dream dreams.
      18 Yes, and on my servants and on my handmaidens in those days, I will pour out my Spirit, and they will prophesy.
      19 I will show wonders in the sky above, and signs on the earth beneath; blood, and fire, and billows of smoke.
      20 The sun will be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, before the great and glorious day of the Lord comes.
      21 It will be, that whoever will call on the name of the Lord will be saved.'
      22 "Men of Israel, hear these words! Jesus of Nazareth, a man approved by God to you by mighty works and wonders and signs which God did by him in the midst of you, even as you yourselves know,
      23 him, being delivered up by the determined counsel and foreknowledge of God, you have taken by the hand of lawless men, crucified and killed;
      24 whom God raised up, having freed him from the agony of death, because it was not possible that he should be held by it.
      25 For David says concerning him, 'I saw the Lord always before my face, For he is on my right hand, that I should not be moved.
      26 Therefore my heart was glad, and my tongue rejoiced. Moreover my flesh also will dwell in hope;
      27 because you will not leave my soul in Hades , neither will you allow your Holy One to see decay.
      28 You made known to me the ways of life. You will make me full of gladness with your presence.'
      29 "Brothers, I may tell you freely of the patriarch David, that he both died and was buried, and his tomb is with us to this day.
      30 Therefore, being a prophet, and knowing that God had sworn with an oath to him that of the fruit of his body, according to the flesh, he would raise up the Christ to sit on his throne,
      31 he foreseeing this spoke about the resurrection of the Christ, that neither was his soul left in Hades , nor did his flesh see decay.
      32 This Jesus God raised up, to which we all are witnesses.
      33 Being therefore exalted by the right hand of God, and having received from the Father the promise of the Holy Spirit, he has poured out this, which you now see and hear.
      34 For David didn't ascend into the heavens, but he says himself, 'The Lord said to my Lord, "Sit by my right hand,
      35 until I make your enemies a footstool for your feet."'
      36 "Let all the house of Israel therefore know certainly that God has made him both Lord and Christ, this Jesus whom you crucified."
      37 Now when they heard this, they were cut to the heart, and said to Peter and the rest of the apostles, "Brothers, what shall we do?"
      38 Peter said to them, "Repent, and be baptized, every one of you, in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of sins, and you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit.
      39 For the promise is to you, and to your children, and to all who are far off, even as many as the Lord our God will call to himself."
      40 With many other words he testified, and exhorted them, saying, "Save yourselves from this crooked generation!"
      41 Then those who gladly received his word were baptized. There were added that day about three thousand souls.
      42 They continued steadfastly in the apostles' teaching and fellowship, in the breaking of bread, and prayer.
      43 Fear came on every soul, and many wonders and signs were done through the apostles.
      44 All who believed were together, and had all things in common.
      45 They sold their possessions and goods, and distributed them to all, according as anyone had need.
      46 Day by day, continuing steadfastly with one accord in the temple, and breaking bread at home, they took their food with gladness and singleness of heart,
      47 praising God, and having favor with all the people. The Lord added to the assembly day by day those who were being saved.

      Actes 6

      1 Now in those days, when the number of the disciples was multiplying, a complaint arose from the Hellenists against the Hebrews, because their widows were neglected in the daily service.
      2 The twelve summoned the multitude of the disciples and said, "It is not appropriate for us to forsake the word of God and serve tables.
      3 Therefore select from among you, brothers, seven men of good report, full of the Holy Spirit and of wisdom, whom we may appoint over this business.
      4 But we will continue steadfastly in prayer and in the ministry of the word."
      5 These words pleased the whole multitude. They chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit, Philip, Prochorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolaus, a proselyte of Antioch;
      6 whom they set before the apostles. When they had prayed, they laid their hands on them.
      7 The word of God increased and the number of the disciples multiplied in Jerusalem exceedingly. A great company of the priests were obedient to the faith.
      8 Stephen, full of faith and power, performed great wonders and signs among the people.
      9 But some of those who were of the synagogue called "The Libertines," and of the Cyrenians, of the Alexandrians, and of those of Cilicia and Asia arose, disputing with Stephen.
      10 They weren't able to withstand the wisdom and the Spirit by which he spoke.
      11 Then they secretly induced men to say, "We have heard him speak blasphemous words against Moses and God."
      12 They stirred up the people, the elders, and the scribes, and came against him and seized him, and brought him in to the council,
      13 and set up false witnesses who said, "This man never stops speaking blasphemous words against this holy place and the law.
      14 For we have heard him say that this Jesus of Nazareth will destroy this place, and will change the customs which Moses delivered to us."
      15 All who sat in the council, fastening their eyes on him, saw his face like it was the face of an angel.

      Romains 12

      13 contributing to the needs of the saints; given to hospitality.

      1 Timothée 3

      2 The overseer therefore must be without reproach, the husband of one wife, temperate, sensible, modest, hospitable, good at teaching;

      1 Timothée 5

      10 being approved by good works, if she has brought up children, if she has been hospitable to strangers, if she has washed the saints' feet, if she has relieved the afflicted, and if she has diligently followed every good work.

      Tite 1

      8 but given to hospitality, a lover of good, sober minded, fair, holy, self-controlled;

      Hébreux 13

      2 Don't forget to show hospitality to strangers, for in doing so, some have entertained angels without knowing it.
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