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ANIMAL

L'animal est un être vivant doué d'une organisation perfectionnée (systèmes nerveux, locomoteur, etc.), qui lui permet de s'affranchir du milieu extérieur. Cependant l'animal ne peut se passer du monde végétal, qui lui est inférieur, mais dont il reste tributaire parce que le végétal constitue l'intermédiaire indispensable entre le monde minéral inorganique et lui, en réalisant, à l'aide du rayonnement solaire, les synthèses ternaires qui rendent assimilables, pour les organismes animaux, les corps bruts de la nature.

Les recherches biologiques récentes ont insisté sur le caractère animal de l'homme : il serait puéril de nier que l'organisation physiologique de l'homme est en tous points semblable à celle des mammifères : la médecine expérimente sur des animaux pour mettre au point les thérapeutiques humaines. Mais cette comparaison, dont le mérite fut de battre en brèche un anthropocentrisme naïf, fait ressortir les caractères spécifiques de la race humaine qui, s'ils ne font pas de l'homme un être isolé dans la nature, suffisent cependant à en faire un être singulier, que le Créateur a appelé à dépasser le stade de l'animalité et à dominer sur les animaux (Ge 1:28) et sur l'être animal qui se retrouve en lui (1Co 15:44 Jas 3:15), dégageant ainsi ce qui est sa particularité originelle et sa vocation divine (1Co 2:14).

La Bible parle souvent des animaux. L'animal est un être mystérieux ; son existence est assez incompréhensible, car il détient une vie analogue à celle de l'homme et en est cependant très différent. L'animal se compose d'une chair qui varie avec les espèces et d'une âme contenue dans son sang (Le 17:10) ; c'est pour cette raison que l'animal doit toujours être saigné avant d'être mangé (Ge 9:4, Le 7:27,1Sa 14:33, Ac 15:29 21:25),

Une distinction très nette doit être faite entre les animaux qui sont utiles à l'homme et ceux qui lui sont inutiles ou nuisibles. La principale richesse des tribus nomades d'Israël était le bétail. D'immenses troupeaux paissaient dans le désert (voir ce mot) ; vaches, brebis et chèvres fournissaient du lait dont la crème était utilisée (De 32:14, Esa 7:22, Pr 27:27), ainsi que les fromages (2Sa 17:29, Job 10:10). Pour l'alimentation, le boeuf et le veau étaient sans doute plus estimés que la chèvre ou le mouton ; un veau gras était un mets des plus délicats (1Sa 28:24, Lu 15:27). La brebis était certainement l'animal domestique le plus commun, parce que le plus sobre et le plus facile à parquer. Elle est très fréquemment citée dans la Bible, soit comme bête d'élevage (1Sa 17:15,34 etc), soit comme victime pour les sacrifices (2Ch 7:5 15:11 etc.), soit enfin comme image (Ps 78:52 119:176, Esa 53:6 etc.). Il existait une véritable législation pour les troupeaux, qui prévoyait la perte éventuelle des bêtes et établissait les responsabilités. Les troupeaux étaient conduits par les chiens (Job 30:1, cf. Esa 56:10), parqués avec soin (No 32:16,1Sa 24:4, Mic 2:12) et recensés (Le 27:32, Jer 33:13).

Pour les déplacements importants, les Israélites utilisaient le chameau (Ge 12:16,2Ch 14:15), monture nomade par excellence (Ge 24:14 31:34) et qui faisait partie de toute riche maison (Ge 30:43, Job 1:3), bien qu'il fût interdit d'en consommer la chair (Le 11:4). L'âne, plus commun, était également très apprécié comme monture (Ge 22:3,2Sa 17:23 19:26, etc.), et comme animal de labour (Esa 30:24), le sol ne demandant pas de labours profonds. Il n'en est pas de même du cheval, d'importation étrangère, pour lequel il semble que l'Israélite ait toujours eu une certaine méfiance (De 17:16,2Ro 2:11 6:17, Esa 31:1, Za 9:10 12:4), mêlée de crainte en raison de sa vigueur et de son agilité (Ps 147:10, Job 39:22, Hab 1:8), et parce que, peu utilisé pour les soins domestiques ou agricoles, il était considéré comme un animal de guerre (Pr 21:31 30:31, Jer 12:5, Os 1:7). Le mulet était connu (2Sa 13:29 18:9) et aurait certainement avantageusement remplacé l'âne, si la loi n'avait pas interdit sa production en défendant le croisement des espèces (Le 19:19).

La loi du livre de l'Alliance et du Deutéronome prescrivait aux Israélites d'être bons pour les animaux : elle ordonnait de porter aide à l'âne ployant sous le faix, même s'il appartenait à un ennemi (Ex 23:5, De 22:1-4). Le repos de l'homme devait s'étendre aussi aux animaux (Ex 23:12, De 5:14) ; il était défendu de museler le boeuf foulant le grain (De 25:4), et de cuire un chevreau dans le lait de sa mère (Ex 23:19 34:26, De 14:21). Cette dernière interdiction ne devait pas avoir seulement des motifs d'ordre sentimental : elle fait penser à certains procédés magiques ; peut-être aussi se figurait-on, à l'origine, que cette pratique aurait pour effet de faire tarir le lait de la chèvre (d'après Bbl. Cent.). En dehors même de la Loi, un proverbe israélite rattache à la piété envers Dieu les égards pour l'animal domestique : « Le juste a soin de la vie de son bétail, mais les entrailles des méchants sont cruelles » (Pr 12:10). Il y avait du reste autre chose que la sollicitude de l'homme pour l'animal ; il y avait jusqu'à une certaine solidarité. « Pour l'homme antique, spécialement le cultivateur, il n'y a pas démarcation très rigoureuse entre l'espèce humaine et les animaux. » (Bertholet.) Non seulement les soins à leur donner fixent des dates et des fêtes dans la vie familiale, comme la tonte des brebis (1Sa 25:4,8,36,2Sa 13:23 et suivants), mais encore ils sont associés aux fautes et aux sanctions : (Le 20:15) le boeuf qui tue une personne n'est pas tué comme bête dangereuse, mais lapidé comme bête criminelle et il est interdit d'en consommer la chair (Ex 21:28 et suivants), le sang humain est vengé sur les animaux comme sur l'homme (Ge 9:6).

Sans doute il faut voir dans la familiarité de vie des bergers ou des agriculteurs avec leurs bêtes l'origine d'un certain nombre de noms d'animaux domestiques donnés à des personnes : Rachel =Brebis, Egla =Veau, Caleb =Chien, Gemalli =Chameau, Jonas =Colombe, etc., etc. ; quant aux noms d'animaux sauvages, ils peuvent avoir été considérés comme protégeant leurs porteurs contre leurs ennemis : Laïs =Lion, Suai =Renard, Aja =Autour, Paréos =Puce, etc. (voir plus loin la question du totémisme). La solidarité de l'Israélite avec son bétail introduit dans ses sacrifices une note personnelle, intime, presque affective, qui le met déjà sur la voie du sacrifice vivant de la personne à Dieu, où seront appelés les rachetés de Jésus-Christ.

Parmi les animaux non domestiques, plusieurs espèces étaient recherchées pour l'alimentation : il convient de citer d'abord le gibier (Ge 27:9, Le 17:13, La 3:52). La chasse se pratiquait de manières variées : citons le piège (Ec 9:12) et le filet qui servait non seulement pour les oiseaux (Ps 124:7, Pr 7:23, Am 3:5), mais aussi pour le gros gibier (Esa 51:20). De 14:6 nous apprend que l'Israélite consommait le lièvre, le daim, le bouquetin, la gazelle, l'antilope.

Cependant l'aliment préféré était certainement le poisson : pendant la marche au désert, son absence fut amèrement regrettée (No 11:5), et en Palestine la pêche jouait un rôle bien plus important que la chasse. Le poisson était objet de commerce (Ne 13:16, Sop 1:10) ; il y avait à Jérusalem une porte des Poissons (Ne 12:29), qui donnait vraisemblablement accès à un marché au poisson. On péchait le plus souvent au filet (Eze 47:10, Hab 1:16), mais aussi à la ligne (Am 4:2, Mt 17:27). Les espèces de poissons connues ne sont pas mentionnées (Eze 47:10), mais seul était comestible le poisson ayant écailles et nageoires (Le 11:9).

D'autres animaux jouaient encore un rôle important dans la vie des Israélites. Le serpent était l'animal rusé (Ge 3:1) et maudit (Ge 3:14) ; son anatomie spéciale et sa morsure venimeuse lui ont toujours valu une place privilégiée dans l'esprit des peuples (Ps 140:4, Pr 23:32 30:19, Esa 65:25, Jer 46:22, Am 9:3, Mt 10:16,1Co 10:9). Il faut aussi mentionner les « reptiles » ; ce mot qui, aujourd'hui, désigne une classe zoologique bien définie, s'appliquait à un grand nombre d'espèces, tantôt reptiles, tantôt arthropodes, (Insectes, Le 11:22 ; Myriapodes Le 11:42, etc.), ainsi que certaines espèces volantes, bien (Le 11:20) que le mot insectes paraisse s'appliquer plus particulièrement aux insectes volants (De 28:42). Les reptiles étaient redoutés et méprisés (Le 11:20,42 22:5, Mic 7:17, Hab 1:14). Parmi eux, la sauterelle mérite une mention spéciale ; elle était considérée comme comestible (Le 11:22, Mt 3:4), mais était aussi très redoutée en raison des dégâts qu'elle pouvait causer : (1Ro 8:37, Am 4:9 7:1, Ps 78:46, De 28:38) ses invasions peuvent détruire des récoltes entières (Joe 1), et leur nombre est considéré comme immense (Na 3:15, Joe 2:10, Ex 10:16).

Les bêtes fauves constituaient aussi un danger. Il est dit que la Palestine fut occupée par les Cananéens de peur qu'elle ne devînt la proie des bêtes sauvages (Ex 23:29). Citons le lion (2Ro 17:25) et l'ours qui menacent les troupeaux (1Sa 17:34) et les enfants : (2Ro 2:24) la fureur de l'ourse privée de ses petits est proverbiale (2Sa 17:8) ; puis le léopard (Ca 4:8), le loup (Jer 5:6, Hab 1:8), le renard (Ca 2:16), le chacal, animal odieux par excellence (Esa 13:22 34:13).

Le bonheur des temps futurs comportera la paix avec les fauves (Esa 11:8-8, Os 2:18), ou leur extermination (Le 26:6, Eze 34:25).

La plupart des cultes voisins d'Israël représentant et adorant les dieux sous l'image d'animaux sacrés, la loi et les prophètes condamnent continuellement cette idolâtrie (Ex 32,1Ro 12:28-13:3 etc.). L'utilisation considérable des bêtes pour les sacrifices, en particulier pour les sacrifices sanglants, s'appuyait en l'épurant sur la vieille idée que c'était un moyen de créer et d'entretenir entre l'adorateur et son dieu un lien du sang, une consanguinité, et par là une communion. Certains savants voient même l'origine de ces sacrifices dans le totémisme : l'animal sacrifié, toujours de la même espèce, représentait la divinité elle-même, était le totem du clan, qui portait son nom, et qui ne mangeait jamais de sa chair en dehors des repas cérémoniels (Robertson Smith, Rel. Sem.). Cette hypothèse n'est nullement démontrée : les noms d'animaux donnés à des personnes peuvent s'expliquer beaucoup plus simplement que par les totems (voir plus haut) ; de même, « les interdictions alimentaires de l'A.T. peuvent protester aussi bien contre toute autre forme du culte des animaux que contre le totémisme » (Bertholet). Alors que les païens érigeaient tant d'animaux en idoles, la Révélation biblique se borne à montrer en certains animaux des symboles, comme le serpent d'airain (No 21:8 et suivant), --qui devint lui-même une idole (2Ro 18:4), --surtout comme les « êtres vivants » des visions d'apocalypses (Eze 1, Da 7, Ap 4).

Voir art. aux divers noms d'animaux. H. L.

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      Genèse 1

      28 God blessed them. God said to them, "Be fruitful, multiply, fill the earth, and subdue it. Have dominion over the fish of the sea, over the birds of the sky, and over every living thing that moves on the earth."

      Genèse 3

      1 Now the serpent was more subtle than any animal of the field which Yahweh God had made. He said to the woman, "Has God really said, 'You shall not eat of any tree of the garden?'"
      14 Yahweh God said to the serpent, "Because you have done this, you are cursed above all livestock, and above every animal of the field. On your belly you shall go, and you shall eat dust all the days of your life.

      Genèse 9

      4 But flesh with its life, its blood, you shall not eat.
      6 Whoever sheds man's blood, his blood will be shed by man, for God made man in his own image.

      Genèse 12

      16 He dealt well with Abram for her sake. He had sheep, cattle, male donkeys, male servants, female servants, female donkeys, and camels.

      Genèse 22

      3 Abraham rose early in the morning, and saddled his donkey, and took two of his young men with him, and Isaac his son. He split the wood for the burnt offering, and rose up, and went to the place of which God had told him.

      Genèse 24

      14 Let it happen, that the young lady to whom I will say, 'Please let down your pitcher, that I may drink,' and she will say, 'Drink, and I will also give your camels a drink,'--let her be the one you have appointed for your servant Isaac. By this I will know that you have shown kindness to my master."

      Genèse 27

      9 Go now to the flock, and get me from there two good young goats. I will make them savory food for your father, such as he loves.

      Genèse 30

      43 The man increased exceedingly, and had large flocks, female servants and male servants, and camels and donkeys.

      Genèse 31

      34 Now Rachel had taken the teraphim, put them in the camel's saddle, and sat on them. Laban felt about all the tent, but didn't find them.

      Exode 1

      1 Now these are the names of the sons of Israel, who came into Egypt (every man and his household came with Jacob):

      Exode 10

      16 Then Pharaoh called for Moses and Aaron in haste, and he said, "I have sinned against Yahweh your God, and against you.

      Exode 21

      28 "If a bull gores a man or a woman to death, the bull shall surely be stoned, and its flesh shall not be eaten; but the owner of the bull shall not be held responsible.

      Exode 23

      5 If you see the donkey of him who hates you fallen down under his burden, don't leave him, you shall surely help him with it.
      12 "Six days you shall do your work, and on the seventh day you shall rest, that your ox and your donkey may have rest, and the son of your handmaid, and the alien may be refreshed.
      19 The first of the first fruits of your ground you shall bring into the house of Yahweh your God. "You shall not boil a young goat in its mother's milk.
      29 I will not drive them out from before you in one year, lest the land become desolate, and the animals of the field multiply against you.

      Exode 32

      1 When the people saw that Moses delayed to come down from the mountain, the people gathered themselves together to Aaron, and said to him, "Come, make us gods, which shall go before us; for as for this Moses, the man who brought us up out of the land of Egypt, we don't know what has become of him."
      2 Aaron said to them, "Take off the golden rings, which are in the ears of your wives, of your sons, and of your daughters, and bring them to me."
      3 All the people took off the golden rings which were in their ears, and brought them to Aaron.
      4 He received what they handed him, and fashioned it with an engraving tool, and made it a molten calf; and they said, "These are your gods, Israel, which brought you up out of the land of Egypt."
      5 When Aaron saw this, he built an altar before it; and Aaron made a proclamation, and said, "Tomorrow shall be a feast to Yahweh."
      6 They rose up early on the next day, and offered burnt offerings, and brought peace offerings; and the people sat down to eat and to drink, and rose up to play.
      7 Yahweh spoke to Moses, "Go, get down; for your people, who you brought up out of the land of Egypt, have corrupted themselves!
      8 They have turned aside quickly out of the way which I commanded them. They have made themselves a molten calf, and have worshiped it, and have sacrificed to it, and said, 'These are your gods, Israel, which brought you up out of the land of Egypt.'"
      9 Yahweh said to Moses, "I have seen these people, and behold, they are a stiff-necked people.
      10 Now therefore leave me alone, that my wrath may burn hot against them, and that I may consume them; and I will make of you a great nation."
      11 Moses begged Yahweh his God, and said, "Yahweh, why does your wrath burn hot against your people, that you have brought out of the land of Egypt with great power and with a mighty hand?
      12 Why should the Egyptians speak, saying, 'He brought them forth for evil, to kill them in the mountains, and to consume them from the surface of the earth?' Turn from your fierce wrath, and repent of this evil against your people.
      13 Remember Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, your servants, to whom you swore by your own self, and said to them, 'I will multiply your seed as the stars of the sky, and all this land that I have spoken of I will give to your seed, and they shall inherit it forever.'"
      14 Yahweh repented of the evil which he said he would do to his people.
      15 Moses turned, and went down from the mountain, with the two tablets of the testimony in his hand; tablets that were written on both their sides; on the one side and on the other they were written.
      16 The tablets were the work of God, and the writing was the writing of God, engraved on the tables.
      17 When Joshua heard the noise of the people as they shouted, he said to Moses, "There is the noise of war in the camp."
      18 He said, "It isn't the voice of those who shout for victory, neither is it the voice of those who cry for being overcome; but the noise of those who sing that I hear."
      19 It happened, as soon as he came near to the camp, that he saw the calf and the dancing: and Moses' anger grew hot, and he threw the tablets out of his hands, and broke them beneath the mountain.
      20 He took the calf which they had made, and burnt it with fire, ground it to powder, and scattered it on the water, and made the children of Israel drink of it.
      21 Moses said to Aaron, "What did these people do to you, that you have brought a great sin on them?"
      22 Aaron said, "Don't let the anger of my lord grow hot. You know the people, that they are set on evil.
      23 For they said to me, 'Make us gods, which shall go before us; for as for this Moses, the man who brought us up out of the land of Egypt, we don't know what has become of him.'
      24 I said to them, 'Whoever has any gold, let them take it off:' so they gave it to me; and I threw it into the fire, and out came this calf."
      25 When Moses saw that the people had broken loose, (for Aaron had let them loose for a derision among their enemies),
      26 then Moses stood in the gate of the camp, and said, "Whoever is on Yahweh's side, come to me!" All the sons of Levi gathered themselves together to him.
      27 He said to them, "Thus says Yahweh, the God of Israel, 'Every man put his sword on his thigh, and go back and forth from gate to gate throughout the camp, and every man kill his brother, and every man his companion, and every man his neighbor.'"
      28 The sons of Levi did according to the word of Moses: and there fell of the people that day about three thousand men.
      29 Moses said, "Consecrate yourselves today to Yahweh, yes, every man against his son, and against his brother; that he may bestow on you a blessing this day."
      30 It happened on the next day, that Moses said to the people, "You have sinned a great sin. Now I will go up to Yahweh. Perhaps I shall make atonement for your sin."
      31 Moses returned to Yahweh, and said, "Oh, this people have sinned a great sin, and have made themselves gods of gold.
      32 Yet now, if you will, forgive their sin--and if not, please blot me out of your book which you have written."
      33 Yahweh said to Moses, "Whoever has sinned against me, him will I blot out of my book.
      34 Now go, lead the people to the place of which I have spoken to you. Behold, my angel shall go before you. Nevertheless in the day when I punish, I will punish them for their sin."
      35 Yahweh struck the people, because they made the calf, which Aaron made.

      Exode 34

      26 "You shall bring the first of the first fruits of your ground to the house of Yahweh your God. "You shall not boil a young goat in its mother's milk."

      Lévitique 7

      27 Whoever it is who eats any blood, that soul shall be cut off from his people.'"

      Lévitique 11

      4 "'Nevertheless these you shall not eat of those that chew the cud, or of those who part the hoof: the camel, because he chews the cud but doesn't have a parted hoof, he is unclean to you.
      9 "'These you may eat of all that are in the waters: whatever has fins and scales in the waters, in the seas, and in the rivers, that you may eat.
      20 "'All flying insects that walk on all fours are an abomination to you.
      22 Even of these you may eat: any kind of locust, any kind of katydid, any kind of cricket, and any kind of grasshopper.
      42 Whatever goes on its belly, and whatever goes on all fours, or whatever has many feet, even all creeping things that creep on the earth, them you shall not eat; for they are an abomination.

      Lévitique 17

      10 "'Any man of the house of Israel, or of the strangers who live as foreigners among them, who eats any kind of blood, I will set my face against that soul who eats blood, and will cut him off from among his people.
      13 "'Whatever man there is of the children of Israel, or of the strangers who live as foreigners among them, who takes in hunting any animal or bird that may be eaten; he shall pour out its blood, and cover it with dust.

      Lévitique 19

      19 "'You shall keep my statutes. "'You shall not crossbreed different kinds of animals. "'you shall not sow your field with two kinds of seed; "'neither shall there come upon on you a garment made of two kinds of material.

      Lévitique 20

      15 "'If a man lies with an animal, he shall surely be put to death; and you shall kill the animal.

      Lévitique 22

      5 or whoever touches any creeping thing, whereby he may be made unclean, or a man of whom he may take uncleanness, whatever uncleanness he has;

      Lévitique 26

      6 "'I will give peace in the land, and you shall lie down, and no one will make you afraid; and I will remove evil animals out of the land, neither shall the sword go through your land.

      Lévitique 27

      32 All the tithe of the herds or the flocks, whatever passes under the rod, the tenth shall be holy to Yahweh.

      Nombres 11

      5 We remember the fish, which we ate in Egypt for nothing; the cucumbers, and the melons, and the leeks, and the onions, and the garlic;

      Nombres 21

      8 Yahweh said to Moses, "Make a fiery serpent, and set it on a standard: and it shall happen, that everyone who is bitten, when he sees it, shall live."

      Nombres 32

      16 They came near to him, and said, "We will build sheepfolds here for our livestock, and cities for our little ones:

      1 Samuel 14

      33 Then they told Saul, saying, "Behold, the people are sinning against Yahweh, in that they eat meat with the blood." He said, "You have dealt treacherously. Roll a large stone to me this day!"

      1 Samuel 17

      15 Now David went back and forth from Saul to feed his father's sheep at Bethlehem.
      34 David said to Saul, "Your servant was keeping his father's sheep; and when a lion or a bear came, and took a lamb out of the flock,

      1 Samuel 24

      4 The men of David said to him, "Behold, the day of which Yahweh said to you, 'Behold, I will deliver your enemy into your hand, and you shall do to him as it shall seem good to you.'" Then David arose, and cut off the skirt of Saul's robe secretly.

      1 Samuel 25

      4 David heard in the wilderness that Nabal was shearing his sheep.

      1 Samuel 28

      24 The woman had a fattened calf in the house. She hurried and killed it; and she took flour, and kneaded it, and baked unleavened bread of it.

      2 Samuel 13

      23 It happened after two full years, that Absalom had sheepshearers in Baal Hazor, which is beside Ephraim: and Absalom invited all the king's sons.
      29 The servants of Absalom did to Amnon as Absalom had commanded. Then all the king's sons arose, and every man got up on his mule, and fled.

      2 Samuel 17

      8 Hushai said moreover, "You know your father and his men, that they are mighty men, and they are fierce in their minds, like a bear robbed of her cubs in the field. Your father is a man of war, and will not lodge with the people.
      23 When Ahithophel saw that his counsel was not followed, he saddled his donkey, and arose, and went home, to his city, and set his house in order, and hanged himself; and he died, and was buried in the tomb of his father.
      29 honey, butter, sheep, and cheese of the herd, for David, and for the people who were with him, to eat: for they said, "The people are hungry, and weary, and thirsty, in the wilderness."

      2 Chroniques 7

      5 King Solomon offered a sacrifice of twenty-two thousand head of cattle, and a hundred and twenty thousand sheep. So the king and all the people dedicated God's house.

      2 Chroniques 14

      15 They struck also the tents of livestock, and carried away sheep in abundance, and camels, and returned to Jerusalem.

      Néhémie 12

      29 also from Beth Gilgal, and out of the fields of Geba and Azmaveth: for the singers had built them villages around Jerusalem.

      Néhémie 13

      16 There lived men of Tyre also therein, who brought in fish, and all kinds of wares, and sold on the Sabbath to the children of Judah, and in Jerusalem.

      Job 1

      3 His possessions also were seven thousand sheep, three thousand camels, five hundred yoke of oxen, five hundred female donkeys, and a very great household; so that this man was the greatest of all the children of the east.

      Job 10

      10 Haven't you poured me out like milk, and curdled me like cheese?

      Job 30

      1 "But now those who are younger than I have me in derision, whose fathers I would have disdained to put with my sheep dogs.

      Job 39

      22 He mocks at fear, and is not dismayed, neither does he turn back from the sword.

      Psaumes 78

      46 He gave also their increase to the caterpillar, and their labor to the locust.
      52 But he led forth his own people like sheep, and guided them in the wilderness like a flock.

      Psaumes 119

      176 I have gone astray like a lost sheep. Seek your servant, for I don't forget your commandments.

      Psaumes 124

      7 Our soul has escaped like a bird out of the fowler's snare. The snare is broken, and we have escaped.

      Psaumes 140

      4 Yahweh, keep me from the hands of the wicked. Preserve me from the violent men who have determined to trip my feet.

      Psaumes 147

      10 He doesn't delight in the strength of the horse. He takes no pleasure in the legs of a man.

      Proverbes 7

      23 Until an arrow strikes through his liver, as a bird hurries to the snare, and doesn't know that it will cost his life.

      Proverbes 12

      10 A righteous man respects the life of his animal, but the tender mercies of the wicked are cruel.

      Proverbes 21

      31 The horse is prepared for the day of battle; but victory is with Yahweh.

      Proverbes 23

      32 In the end, it bites like a snake, and poisons like a viper.

      Proverbes 27

      27 There will be plenty of goats' milk for your food, for your family's food, and for the nourishment of your servant girls.
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