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BIEN-AIMÉ

1.

La désignation de « bien-aimés de l'Éternel », donnée dans les Psaumes (Ps 60:7 108:7 127:2) aux Israélites pieux (voir Hasidéens), se retrouve chez les chrétiens sous la forme « bien-aimés de Dieu » (1Th 1:4, Ro 1:7, Col 3:13) ; ils se déclarent aussi entre eux « bien-aimés dans le Seigneur » (Ro 16:8), « bien-aimés », « frères bien-aimés », etc. (1Co 4:14, Col 4:14, Ro 12:19, Heb 6:9,1Pi 2:11,1Jn 2:7 etc.), et certaines de ces expressions sont passées dans les liturgies de l'Église ; voir Amour.

2.

Dans les Évangiles ce terme, toujours au singulier, est réservé à Jésus, et marque sa relation unique de filialité avec le Père : il est proclamé son Bien-Aimé par une voix du ciel dans deux situations décisives de son ministère : son baptême (Mr 1:11, Mt 3:17, Lu 3:22) et sa transfiguration (Mr 9:7, Mt 17:5, cf. 2Pi 1:17). Jésus lui-même se désigne ainsi dans la parabole transparente des vignerons (Mr 12:6, Lu 20:13). C'était un titre messianique inspiré à la fois par les Psaumes (Ps 2:7) et la prophétie (Esa 42:1 etc.) ; ce dernier texte est cité dans Mt 12:18, qui rapproche le terme « Bien-Aimé » de celui d' « Elu », tandis que Lu 9:35 remplace le premier par le second dans la déclaration de la transfiguration ; d'où il ressort que les deux appellations étaient équivalentes comme titres du Messie à l'époque des Évangiles. Donc le singulier grec agapêtos =bien-aimé, qui dans les LXX désignait une fois sur deux un fils unique (Ge 22:2 etc.) est dans le N.T. exclusivement limité au Christ (c'est le même sens qu'ont les expressions analogues : êgapêménos, de Eph 1:6, et « le fils de son amour », de Col 1:13). Par contre, les écrits johanniques, tout inspirés qu'ils soient par le point de vue dominant de l'Amour, n'appellent jamais le Fils de Dieu son Fils « bien-aimé », mais disent son Fils « unique » (Jn 1:14,18 3:16,18,1Jn 4:9). Jn L.

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