Paramètres de lecture

Afficher les numéros de versets
Mode dyslexique
Police d'écriture
Taille de texte

Merci à Bibles et Publications Chrétiennes pour la conception du processus d’affichage DYS.

Un outil révolutionnaire de lecture et d'étude de la Bible en ligne Démarrez dès aujourd'hui le plan de lecture offert dont vous avez besoin.

COURONNE

Ce fut primitivement un simple bandeau pour retenir les cheveux, comme on en trouve dans les sculptures de Persépolis, de Ninive et d'Egypte, qui devint ensuite turban, quelquefois mitre ou couronne avec ornements d'or et de pierres précieuses. La signification donnée à la couronne vient sans doute de l'emploi instinctif de guirlandes de fleurs en signe de joie ou de triomphe (Jug 15:13, Sag 2:8). Quoi qu'en dise Tertullien, qui voit dans les couronnes des manifestations d'idolâtrie (De Cor. Mil. 7), elles sont souvent mentionnées dans la Bible ; le verbe couronner est rarement employé.

I Dans l'Ancien Testament.

Les divers mots hébreux se rapportant à la couronne sont traduits par : diadème, couronne, tiare, mitre, turban, bandeau, bordure, etc.

1. zèr. Bordure ornementale probablement tressée, entourant l'arche, l'autel d'encens et la table des pains de proposition (Ex 25:11 30:5).

2. nèzèr. Primitivement, bandeau pour retenir les cheveux ; il s'y ajoute l'idée de séparation et de consécration (racine de naziréat), soit royale (2Sa 1:10,2Ro 11:12), soit sacerdotale (Ex 29:6 et suivants). Dans ce dernier cas et pour le grand-prêtre, le turban, large de deux doigts, bleu comme le ciel (couleur symbolique), fixé par des attaches de même couleur, et rehaussé d'une plaque d'or sur laquelle il est gravé : « Sainteté à JHVH » (Ex 28:37, Le 8:9, Sir 45:12). C'est la couronne sainte remise par Moïse à Aaron (Le 8:4).

3. kéther. Couronne, sans idée de consécration (Est 1:11 2:17 6:9). Verbe kâthar . (Pr 14:18)

4. atârâh (terme fréquent). Couronne des rois, juifs ou étrangers (Ps 21:4, Est 8:15 etc.), ou celle que l'on tressait lors des banquets et des fêtes (Eze 23:42). Dans Esa 28:1,3, la « couronne orgueilleuse des buveurs d'Éphraïm » est une condamnation cinglante de la capitale royale, Samarie, qui dominait comme une couronne la fertile plaine d'Éphraïm et donnait au royaume l'exemple des excès de vin. Dans 2Sa 12:30 =1Ch 20:3, nos traductions portent : « David enleva la couronne du roi des Ammonites ; elle pesait un talent d'or ; on la mit sur la tête de David » ; comme le talent d'or pesait 45 kgs, notre passage entend certainement désigner la valeur de la couronne et non son poids ; en outre il est probable qu'au lieu de l'hébreu malkam il faudrait lire Milkom (comme les LXX), et il s'agirait non du roi mais de l'idole des Ammonites : David enleva la couronne de dessus la tête de l'idole (Milkom) des Ammonites, etc. La couronne peut avoir un sens figuré (Pr 12:4), ou désigner la gloire de Dieu (Esa 28:5), l'âge (Pr 16:31), etc. Verbe âtar (Ps 8:8 103:4, Ca 3:11, Esa 28:3).

5. qodqod. Sommet de la tête (Job 2:7, cf. Ge 49:26, De 33:20).

Les fiancés portaient une couronne (Esa 61:10, Eze 24:17) comme aujourd'hui ceux d'Asie Mineure ; certaines femmes en portaient aussi (Esa 3:20). Le mot tiare (Vers. Syn.) peut désigner aussi un simple turban (Esa 3:23). Le mot couronne est souvent employé symboliquement : équité (Job 29:14), vertu (Pr 12:4), bienfaits (Ps 65:12), gloire de l'Eternel (Esa 28:5), récompense de la sagesse (Sir 1:18 6:31), etc.

II Dans les Apocryphes et le Nouveau Testament.

Il faut généralement distinguer entre diadêma et stéphanos (voir Trench, Syn. N.T., p. 89SS).

1. Diadêma désigne le plus souvent la couronne royale, l'insigne du souverain (1Ma 1:9 6:15 8:14 12:39 13:32) ; c'était une sorte d'étroit bandeau autour du front, et l'on pouvait en ceindre plusieurs pour marquer plusieurs royaumes : (1Ma 11:13) ainsi s'expliquent les diadèmes du Roi des rois (Ap 19:12) enfin repris à l'usurpateur aux sept diadèmes (Ap 12:3 13:1).

2. Stéphanos désigne ordinairement :

(a) la couronne envoyée à certains rois comme don de joyeux avènement (1Ma 10:29,2Ma 14:4) ;

(b) l'insigne honorifique, hommage de bienvenue à un grand personnage (Jug 3:7, 1Ma 10:20 13:37, Sir 32:2) ;

(c) un ornement du Temple (1Ma 1:22 4:57) ;

(d) le plus souvent, la couronne du vainqueur, à la guerre ou dans les jeux, faite de laurier ou de fleurs bientôt flétries, d'où le contraste de la couronne incorruptible (1Co 9:25,2Ti 2:5) ; elle apparaît souvent dans les visions de l'Apo (Ap 3:11 4:4,10 6:2 9:7) comme emblème de récompense, de félicité, d'immortalité ; plusieurs fois elle est déterminée par un complément de nature : couronne de justice (2Ti 4:8), de gloire (1Pi 5:4), de vie (Jas 1:12, Ap 2:10). A l'avènement du Seigneur, saint Paul compte ceindre la couronne de ses victoires : ses convertis sont eux-mêmes sa joie et sa couronne (1Th 2:19, Php 4:1). La couronne d'épines imposée à Jésus (Mr 15:17, Mt 27:29, Jn 19:2-5) est bien la couronne royale, parodie comme le manteau de pourpre et le sceptre de roseau, mais aussi douloureuse que dérisoire ; voir Épines (fin).

3. Stemma (seulement dans Ac 14:13) : ce sont les guirlandes ou bandelettes qui décoraient les taureaux destinés aux sacrifices. P. A.

Vous avez aimé ? Partagez autour de vous !


Ce texte est la propriété du TopChrétien. Autorisation de diffusion autorisée en précisant la source. © 2022 - www.topchretien.com
  • Contenus
  • Versions
  • Commentaires
  • Strong
  • Dictionnaire
  • Versets relatifs
  • Carte
  • Versets favoris

Pour ajouter un favori, merci de vous connecter : Se connecter

Vous avez aimé ? Partagez autour de vous !

Créer un verset illustré

Logo TopChrétien carré

Télécharger l'image

Choisissez une image

Personnalisez le verset

Alignement : | | | Haut | Milieu | Bas

Taille :

Couleur :

Police :

Personnalisez la référence

Couleur :

Police :

Taille :

De légères variations de mise en page peuvent apparaitre sur l'image téléchargée.

Versets relatifs

    • Ces vidéos ne sont pas disponibles en colonnes en dehors de la vue Bible.

      Genèse 49

      26 The blessings of your father have prevailed above the blessings of your ancestors, above the boundaries of the ancient hills. They will be on the head of Joseph, on the crown of the head of him who is separated from his brothers.

      Exode 25

      11 You shall overlay it with pure gold. You shall overlay it inside and outside, and you shall make a gold molding around it.

      Exode 28

      37 You shall put it on a lace of blue, and it shall be on the sash; on the front of the sash it shall be.

      Exode 29

      6 and you shall set the turban on his head, and put the holy crown on the turban.

      Exode 30

      5 You shall make the poles of acacia wood, and overlay them with gold.

      Lévitique 8

      4 Moses did as Yahweh commanded him; and the congregation was assembled at the door of the Tent of Meeting.
      9 He set the turban on his head; and on the turban, in front, he set the golden plate, the holy crown; as Yahweh commanded Moses.

      Juges 3

      7 The children of Israel did that which was evil in the sight of Yahweh, and forgot Yahweh their God, and served the Baals and the Asheroth.

      Juges 15

      13 They spoke to him, saying, "No; but we will bind you fast, and deliver you into their hand; but surely we will not kill you." They bound him with two new ropes, and brought him up from the rock.

      2 Samuel 1

      10 So I stood beside him, and killed him, because I was sure that he could not live after that he had fallen. I took the crown that was on his head, and the bracelet that was on his arm, and have brought them here to my lord."

      2 Samuel 12

      30 He took the crown of their king from off his head; and its weight was a talent of gold, and in it were precious stones; and it was set on David's head. He brought out the spoil of the city, exceeding much.

      1 Chroniques 20

      3 He brought forth the people who were therein, and cut them with saws, and with iron picks, and with axes. David did so to all the cities of the children of Ammon. David and all the people returned to Jerusalem.

      Esther 1

      11 to bring Vashti the queen before the king with the royal crown, to show the people and the princes her beauty; for she was beautiful.

      Esther 2

      17 The king loved Esther more than all the women, and she obtained favor and kindness in his sight more than all the virgins; so that he set the royal crown on her head, and made her queen instead of Vashti.

      Esther 6

      9 Let the clothing and the horse be delivered to the hand of one of the king's most noble princes, that they may array the man whom the king delights to honor with them, and have him ride on horseback through the city square, and proclaim before him, 'Thus shall it be done to the man whom the king delights to honor!'"

      Esther 8

      15 Mordecai went out of the presence of the king in royal clothing of blue and white, and with a great crown of gold, and with a robe of fine linen and purple; and the city of Susa shouted and was glad.

      Job 2

      7 So Satan went forth from the presence of Yahweh, and struck Job with painful sores from the sole of his foot to his head.

      Job 29

      14 I put on righteousness, and it clothed me. My justice was as a robe and a diadem.

      Psaumes 8

      8 The birds of the sky, the fish of the sea, and whatever passes through the paths of the seas.

      Psaumes 21

      4 He asked life of you, you gave it to him, even length of days forever and ever.

      Psaumes 65

      12 The wilderness grasslands overflow. The hills are clothed with gladness.

      Psaumes 103

      4 who redeems your life from destruction; who crowns you with loving kindness and tender mercies;

      Proverbes 12

      4 A worthy woman is the crown of her husband, but a disgraceful wife is as rottenness in his bones.

      Proverbes 14

      18 The simple inherit folly, but the prudent are crowned with knowledge.

      Proverbes 16

      31 Gray hair is a crown of glory. It is attained by a life of righteousness.

      Cantique 3

      11 Go forth, you daughters of Zion, and see king Solomon, with the crown with which his mother has crowned him, in the day of his weddings, in the day of the gladness of his heart. Lover

      Esaïe 3

      20 the headdresses, the ankle chains, the sashes, the perfume bottles, the charms,
      23 the hand mirrors, the fine linen garments, the tiaras, and the shawls.

      Esaïe 28

      1 Woe to the crown of pride of the drunkards of Ephraim, and to the fading flower of his glorious beauty, which is on the head of the fertile valley of those who are overcome with wine!
      3 The crown of pride of the drunkards of Ephraim will be trodden under foot.
      5 In that day, Yahweh of Armies will become a crown of glory, and a diadem of beauty, to the residue of his people;

      Esaïe 61

      10 I will greatly rejoice in Yahweh, my soul shall be joyful in my God; for he has clothed me with the garments of salvation, he has covered me with the robe of righteousness, as a bridegroom decks himself with a garland, and as a bride adorns herself with her jewels.

      Ezéchiel 23

      42 The voice of a multitude being at ease was with her: and with men of the common sort were brought drunkards from the wilderness; and they put bracelets on their hands [twain], and beautiful crowns on their heads.

      Ezéchiel 24

      17 Sigh, but not aloud, make no mourning for the dead; bind your headdress on you, and put your shoes on your feet, and don't cover your lips, and don't eat men's bread.

      Matthieu 27

      29 They braided a crown of thorns and put it on his head, and a reed in his right hand; and they kneeled down before him, and mocked him, saying, "Hail, King of the Jews!"

      Marc 15

      17 They clothed him with purple, and weaving a crown of thorns, they put it on him.

      Jean 19

      2 The soldiers twisted thorns into a crown, and put it on his head, and dressed him in a purple garment.
      3 They kept saying, "Hail, King of the Jews!" and they kept slapping him.
      4 Then Pilate went out again, and said to them, "Behold, I bring him out to you, that you may know that I find no basis for a charge against him."
      5 Jesus therefore came out, wearing the crown of thorns and the purple garment. Pilate said to them, "Behold, the man!"

      Actes 14

      13 The priest of Jupiter, whose temple was in front of their city, brought oxen and garlands to the gates, and would have made a sacrifice along with the multitudes.

      Romains 11

      12 Now if their fall is the riches of the world, and their loss the riches of the Gentiles; how much more their fullness?

      1 Corinthiens 9

      25 Every man who strives in the games exercises self-control in all things. Now they do it to receive a corruptible crown, but we an incorruptible.

      1 Thessaloniciens 2

      19 For what is our hope, or joy, or crown of rejoicing? Isn't it even you, before our Lord Jesus at his coming?

      2 Timothée 2

      5 Also, if anyone competes in athletics, he isn't crowned unless he has competed by the rules.

      2 Timothée 4

      8 From now on, there is stored up for me the crown of righteousness, which the Lord, the righteous judge, will give to me on that day; and not to me only, but also to all those who have loved his appearing.

      Jacques 1

      12 Blessed is the man who endures temptation, for when he has been approved, he will receive the crown of life, which the Lord promised to those who love him.

      1 Pierre 5

      4 When the chief Shepherd is revealed, you will receive the crown of glory that doesn't fade away.

      Apocalypse 2

      10 Don't be afraid of the things which you are about to suffer. Behold, the devil is about to throw some of you into prison, that you may be tested; and you will have oppression for ten days. Be faithful to death, and I will give you the crown of life.

      Apocalypse 3

      11 I am coming quickly! Hold firmly that which you have, so that no one takes your crown.

      Apocalypse 4

      4 Around the throne were twenty-four thrones. On the thrones were twenty-four elders sitting, dressed in white garments, with crowns of gold on their heads.
      10 the twenty-four elders fall down before him who sits on the throne, and worship him who lives forever and ever, and throw their crowns before the throne, saying,

      Apocalypse 6

      2 And behold, a white horse, and he who sat on it had a bow. A crown was given to him, and he came forth conquering, and to conquer.

      Apocalypse 9

      7 The shapes of the locusts were like horses prepared for war. On their heads were something like golden crowns, and their faces were like people's faces.

      Apocalypse 12

      3 Another sign was seen in heaven. Behold, a great red dragon, having seven heads and ten horns, and on his heads seven crowns.

      Apocalypse 13

      1 Then I stood on the sand of the sea. I saw a beast coming up out of the sea, having ten horns and seven heads. On his horns were ten crowns, and on his heads, blasphemous names.

      Apocalypse 19

      12 His eyes are a flame of fire, and on his head are many crowns. He has names written and a name written which no one knows but he himself.
    • Ajouter une colonne
Update Required To play the media you will need to either update your browser to a recent version or update your Flash plugin pour Firefox & Safari - Flash plugin pour Opera & Chrome.