DÉSERT

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On appelle désert tout lieu inculte et inhabité. Il y en a plusieurs espèces. Certains grands déserts sont sablonneux ; le vent y amasse des dunes qui leur donnent. l'aspect d'une vaste mer de sable. Mais il ne faut pas croire que tous les déserts soient ainsi sablonneux : tout dépend de leur origine géologique. Le Sahara est un désert de sable, mais l'absence d'eau ou la nature rocheuse d'un pays peuvent faire de véritables déserts. Dans le Midi de la France, les landes, les causses, la Crau de Provence et les garrigues languedociennes peuvent être considérés comme des déserts, bien qu'ils soient de nature fort différente. Les steppes de la Russie, les pampas et les savanes de l'Amérique sont également des déserts. Cependant l'aspect des déserts varie beaucoup selon leur nature ; les plus désolés sont certainement les déserts de sable, brûlés par le soleil, complètement privés d'eau et où toute végétation a disparu.

La Bible emploie cinq expressions différentes pour désigner le désert selon son degré d'aridité. L'une représente les contrées, incultes sans doute, mais non sans végétation, où il est possible de pousser le bétail pour le faire paître (Lu 15:4). Ce désert-là est souvent mentionné dans l'A.T. On y rencontre pélicans (Ps 102:7), ânes sauvages (Job 24:6, Jer 2:24), autruches (La 4:3), chacals (Mal 1:3). Il est ordinairement inhabité, mais des tribus nomades peuvent le parcourir (Jos 15:61 et suivant, Esa 42:11) et même y former des colonies.

Un autre mot représente le désert inculte, aride et sec, analogue aux steppes. D'autres mots

enfin désignent des contrées non seulement incultes, mais stériles et désolées : l'un de ces mots est appliqué au chaos (Ge 1:2).

Il est mentionné 16 déserts différents dans l'A.T. Le désert avait pour les Israélites une grande importance : il isolait la Palestine à l'Est et au Sud, et, à la porte même de plusieurs villes, il s'étendait dans toute son aridité. Les Israélites conservaient le souvenir de quarante ans passés dans les déserts qui séparent la Palestine de l'Egypte (Ex 13:18, De 29:5, Ac 13:18) ; les allusions à cette marche au désert sont fréquentes (Ne 9:10,21, Psaumes, Jer 2:6 31:2 Eze 20:10-21, Os 13:5, Am 5:25, Jn 6:31, Ac 7:30 13:18, Heb 3:8).

Le désert, dans la Bible, symbolise souvent l'aridité ou la stérilité (Ex 23:29, Job 24:5, Esa 40:3 42:11, Jer 25:11). Ésaïe dit : « Sion est un désert » (Esa 64:9) et l'Éternel, par Jérémie, demande : « Ai-je été pour Israël un désert ? » (Jer 2:31). La délivrance et le salut sont exprimés poétiquement par la fertilisation du désert (Ps 107:35, Esa 32:15 35:1,6 41:19 51:3, etc.).

Dans le N.T. le désert représente le plus souvent la solitude des contrées inhabitées (Mt 4:1 24:26, Lu 3:2 5:16 8:29 15:4, Jn 11:54, etc., etc.). C'est dans ces régions désertiques (le désert de Juda) qu'habitait Jean-Baptiste (Lu 1:80, Mt 11:7) et c'est là aussi que le Sauveur connut, au début de son ministère, la tentation de la gloire de ce monde (Mr 1:12, Mt 4:1, Lu 4:1). Jésus aimait à se retirer dans la solitude du désert pour se recueillir et pour prier (Lu 5:16, Jn 11:54). H. L.

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- Ces vidéos ne sont pas disponibles en colonnes en dehors de la vue Bible.
  
  Genèse 1
  
  2 Now the earth was formless and empty. Darkness was on the surface of the deep. God's Spirit was hovering over the surface of the waters.
  
  Exode 13
  
  18 but God led the people around by the way of the wilderness by the Red Sea ; and the children of Israel went up armed out of the land of Egypt.
  
  Exode 23
  
  29 I will not drive them out from before you in one year, lest the land become desolate, and the animals of the field multiply against you.
  
  Josué 15
  
  61 In the wilderness, Beth Arabah, Middin, Secacah,
  
  Néhémie 9
  
  10 and showed signs and wonders against Pharaoh, and against all his servants, and against all the people of his land; for you knew that they dealt proudly against them, and made a name for yourself, as it is this day.
  
  21 "Yes, forty years you sustained them in the wilderness. They lacked nothing. Their clothes didn't grow old, and their feet didn't swell.
  
  Job 24
  
  5 Behold, as wild donkeys in the desert, they go forth to their work, seeking diligently for food. The wilderness yields them bread for their children.
  
  6 They cut their provender in the field. They glean the vineyard of the wicked.
  
  Psaumes 102
  
  7 I watch, and have become like a sparrow that is alone on the housetop.
  
  Psaumes 107
  
  35 He turns a desert into a pool of water, and a dry land into water springs.
  
  Esaïe 32
  
  15 Until the Spirit is poured on us from on high, and the wilderness becomes a fruitful field, and the fruitful field is considered a forest.
  
  Esaïe 35
  
  1 The wilderness and the dry land will be glad. The desert will rejoice and blossom like a rose.
  
  6 Then the lame man will leap like a deer, and the tongue of the mute will sing; for waters will break out in the wilderness, and streams in the desert.
  
  Esaïe 40
  
  3 The voice of one who calls out, "Prepare the way of Yahweh in the wilderness! Make a level highway in the desert for our God.
  
  Esaïe 41
  
  19 I will put cedar, acacia, myrtle, and oil trees in the wilderness. I will set fir trees, pine, and box trees together in the desert;
  
  Esaïe 42
  
  11 Let the wilderness and its cities raise their voices, with the villages that Kedar inhabits. Let the inhabitants of Sela sing. Let them shout from the top of the mountains!
  
  Esaïe 51
  
  3 For Yahweh has comforted Zion; he has comforted all her waste places, and has made her wilderness like Eden, and her desert like the garden of Yahweh; joy and gladness shall be found therein, thanksgiving, and the voice of melody.
  
  Esaïe 64
  
  9 Don't be furious, Yahweh, neither remember iniquity forever: see, look, we beg you, we are all your people.
  
  Jérémie 2
  
  6 Neither did they say, 'Where is Yahweh who brought us up out of the land of Egypt, who led us through the wilderness, through a land of deserts and of pits, through a land of drought and of the shadow of death, through a land that none passed through, and where no man lived?'
  
  24 a wild donkey used to the wilderness, that snuffs up the wind in her desire. When she is in heat, who can turn her away? All those who seek her will not weary themselves. In her month, they will find her.
  
  31 Generation, consider the word of Yahweh. Have I been a wilderness to Israel? Or a land of thick darkness? Why do my people say, 'We have broken loose. We will come to you no more?'
  
  Jérémie 25
  
  11 This whole land shall be a desolation, and an astonishment; and these nations shall serve the king of Babylon seventy years.
  
  Jérémie 31
  
  2 Thus says Yahweh, The people who were left of the sword found favor in the wilderness; even Israel, when I went to cause him to rest.
  
  Lamentations 4
  
  3 Even the jackals draw out the breast, they nurse their young ones: The daughter of my people has become cruel, like the ostriches in the wilderness.
  
  Ezéchiel 20
  
  10 So I caused them to go forth out of the land of Egypt, and brought them into the wilderness.
  
  11 I gave them my statutes, and showed them my ordinances, which if a man does, he shall live in them.
  
  12 Moreover also I gave them my Sabbaths, to be a sign between me and them, that they might know that I am Yahweh who sanctifies them.
  
  13 But the house of Israel rebelled against me in the wilderness: they didn't walk in my statutes, and they rejected my ordinances, which if a man keep, he shall live in them; and my Sabbaths they greatly profaned. Then I said I would pour out my wrath on them in the wilderness, to consume them.
  
  14 But I worked for my name's sake, that it should not be profaned in the sight of the nations, in whose sight I brought them out.
  
  15 Moreover also I swore to them in the wilderness, that I would not bring them into the land which I had given them, flowing with milk and honey, which is the glory of all lands;
  
  16 because they rejected my ordinances, and didn't walk in my statutes, and profaned my Sabbaths: for their heart went after their idols.
  
  17 Nevertheless my eye spared them, and I didn't destroy them, neither did I make a full end of them in the wilderness.
  
  18 I said to their children in the wilderness, Don't walk in the statutes of your fathers, neither observe their ordinances, nor defile yourselves with their idols.
  
  19 I am Yahweh your God: walk in my statutes, and keep my ordinances, and do them;
  
  20 and make my Sabbaths holy; and they shall be a sign between me and you, that you may know that I am Yahweh your God.
  
  21 But the children rebelled against me; they didn't walk in my statutes, neither kept my ordinances to do them, which if a man do, he shall live in them; they profaned my Sabbaths. Then I said I would pour out my wrath on them, to accomplish my anger against them in the wilderness.
  
  Osée 13
  
  5 I knew you in the wilderness, in the land of great drought.
  
  Amos 5
  
  25 "Did you bring to me sacrifices and offerings in the wilderness forty years, house of Israel?
  
  Malachie 1
  
  3 but Esau I hated, and made his mountains a desolation, and gave his heritage to the jackals of the wilderness."
  
  Matthieu 4
  
  1 Then Jesus was led up by the Spirit into the wilderness to be tempted by the devil.
  
  Matthieu 11
  
  7 As these went their way, Jesus began to say to the multitudes concerning John, "What did you go out into the wilderness to see? A reed shaken by the wind?
  
  Matthieu 24
  
  26 If therefore they tell you, 'Behold, he is in the wilderness,' don't go out; 'Behold, he is in the inner rooms,' don't believe it.
  
  Marc 1
  
  12 Immediately the Spirit drove him out into the wilderness.
  
  Luc 1
  
  80 The child was growing, and becoming strong in spirit, and was in the desert until the day of his public appearance to Israel.
  
  Luc 3
  
  2 in the high priesthood of Annas and Caiaphas, the word of God came to John, the son of Zacharias, in the wilderness.
  
  Luc 4
  
  1 Jesus, full of the Holy Spirit, returned from the Jordan, and was led by the Spirit into the wilderness
  
  Luc 5
  
  16 But he withdrew himself into the desert, and prayed.
  
  Luc 8
  
  29 For Jesus was commanding the unclean spirit to come out of the man. For the unclean spirit had often seized the man. He was kept under guard, and bound with chains and fetters. Breaking the bands apart, he was driven by the demon into the desert.
  
  Luc 15
  
  4 "Which of you men, if you had one hundred sheep, and lost one of them, wouldn't leave the ninety-nine in the wilderness, and go after the one that was lost, until he found it?
  
  Jean 6
  
  31 Our fathers ate the manna in the wilderness. As it is written, 'He gave them bread out of heaven to eat.'"
  
  Jean 11
  
  54 Jesus therefore walked no more openly among the Jews, but departed from there into the country near the wilderness, to a city called Ephraim. He stayed there with his disciples.
  
  Actes 7
  
  30 "When forty years were fulfilled, an angel of the Lord appeared to him in the wilderness of Mount Sinai, in a flame of fire in a bush.
  
  Actes 13
  
  18 For a period of about forty years he put up with them in the wilderness.
  
  Hébreux 3
  
  8 don't harden your hearts, as in the rebellion, like as in the day of the trial in the wilderness,

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