Paramètres de lecture

Afficher les numéros de versets
Mode dyslexique
Police d'écriture
Taille de texte

Merci à Bibles et Publications Chrétiennes pour la conception du processus d’affichage DYS.

Un outil révolutionnaire de lecture et d'étude de la Bible en ligne Démarrez dès aujourd'hui le plan de lecture offert dont vous avez besoin.

PLÉNITUDE

(gr. plérôma). Ce terme est, dans la Bible, d'un emploi plus fréquent que nos traductions ne le laisseraient supposer.

C'est par lui que les LXX traduisent l'hébreu melô. Il exprime dans l'A. T, l'idée de grandeur, de totalité ; il indique tout ce qui se trouve sur la terre ou dans la mer (Ps 50:12 96:11, Jer 8:16, Eze 12:19,1Ch 16:32).

Le verbe d'où dérive le mot grec exprime dans le N.T. l'idée de « remplir » (par ex. un filet : Mt 13:48 ; cf., dans un sens abstrait, Lu 2:40) ou celle de « parachever », d' « accomplir » (Jésus est venu accomplir la loi et les prophètes : Mt 5:17).

Quant au substantif lui-même, sa terminaison ma, qu'elle indique un sens actif ou passif (ce qui est discuté), ajoute en tout cas une certaine idée de réalité concrète. Le mot peut exprimer un achèvement idéal ou à venir. L'apôtre s'en sert pour montrer dans l'amour l'accomplissement de la loi (Ro 13:10), pour annoncer le moment où le peuple se sera converti dans sa totalité (Ro 11:12) et où seront accomplis les temps voulus par Dieu (Ga 4:4, Eph 1:10).

Le mot peut aussi avoir le sens de « compléter » : l'apôtre l'emploie quand il a en vue ce qui manque aux souffrances de Christ (Col 1:24), quand il remercie les frères de Macédoine d'avoir pourvu à ses besoins (2Co 11:9), tandis qu'il espère apporter avec lui aux chrétiens de Rome une pleine bénédiction de la part de Christ (Ro 15:29).

Le mot peut, de même, exprimer l'idée d'un développement spirituel qui tend à son terme (Eph 4:13). Dans ce dernier cas, on pourrait opposer kénose (voir ce mot) de Php 2:7 à plérôme

C'est par la notion spéculative qui s'y rattache que le mot de Plérôme présente le plus haut intérêt.

Il s'est trouvé en faveur dans les milieux d'Asie auxquels saint Paul écrivait pendant sa captivité et où le 4° évangile devait être rédigé. C'est un vocable emprunté au langage populaire, et qui a permis d'exprimer quelques-unes des idées les plus hautes de la pensée religieuse. Paul s'est sans doute servi d'un terme qui était alors d'un usage courant. Peut-être les premiers gnostiques l'employaient-ils. Leurs docteurs, Valentin, Marcion et d'autres (voir E. de Faye, Gnostiques et Gnosticisme), reprendront à l'apôtre un mot dont il avait consacré l'usage, et en altéreront gravement le sens. C'est en tout cas la prédication de certains novateurs aventureux qui a amené le grand apôtre à préciser sa pensée tout en restant fidèle à sa conception primitive. Les premiers gnostiques annonçaient l'existence entre Dieu et l'homme de toute une série d'intermédiaires : éons, logoï, autorités, dont le Christ n'aurait été que le premier. Tout autre est la pensée de saint Paul. Il avait déjà montré le plan de salut se réalisant par le règne du Christ établi sur la création entière et le Christ lui-même se soumettant à Dieu « afin que Dieu soit tout en tous » (1Co 15:28). Sans doute Jésus est subordonné à Dieu : n'est-il pas (Col 1:15) le premier-né de toute la création ? mais il a plu à Dieu qu'en lui résidât toute la plénitude de l'être (Col 1:19). Jésus n'est donc pas un intermédiaire entre plusieurs autres. Le Christ est le seul médiateur entre Dieu et les hommes. Dieu a voulu que toute plénitude habitât en lui et il a voulu, par lui, réconcilier tout avec lui-même, en faisant la paix par lui, par le sang de la croix (Col 1:19 et suivant).

Mais l'apôtre va plus loin et donne à sa pensée un développement inattendu. Il applique à l'Église cette même notion du Plérôme. Il complète la théorie qu'il avait déjà esquissée dans Ro 12:4s et dans 1Co 12:12,27. L'Église est réellement, objectivement, le corps de Christ ; elle réalise la plénitude de Celui qui remplit tout en tous (Eph 1:23), ce qui revient à dire, non seulement que l'Église tire sa vie de l'union avec son divin Chef (=Tête), mais que, dans l'Église elle-même, se réalise la plénitude de vie qui est en Christ. On pourrait montrer que, ici comme ailleurs encore (Ro 11:33-36 1Co 3:23 etc.), la pensée de l'apôtre se développe en spirale. Il se trouve ramené à son point de départ qu'il saisit maintenant d'un plan supérieur. Il voit dans le Christ la plénitude de Dieu, dans l'Église la plénitude de Christ ; mais « l'Église, au point de vue idéal, peut être appelée à bon droit le plérôme réalisé du Dieu qui remplit tout en toutes choses » (A. Sabatier). Conception métaphysique si l'on veut, mais conception essentiellement morale dans son principe essentiel et dans ses conséquences, qui n'aurait d'autre effet que de pousser l'homme à se sauver lui-même, c'est-à-dire de l'exposer à de vaines illusions et à un désespoir plus certain encore. L'apôtre n'entend pas seulement affirmer la dignité, la valeur suprême du Christ pour la foi. Il proclame que, possédant un tel Sauveur, le chrétien doit trouver en lui le principe d'une vie sainte. Il a tout pleinement en Christ. Il convient que, Christ habitant en lui, il comprenne et connaisse, il parvienne à la pleine stature du Christ et soit rempli jusqu'à toute la plénitude de Dieu (Eph 3:19 4:13, Col 2:10).

Deux tempéraments religieux aussi différents que Paul et Jean se rencontrent sur le terrain de l'expérience mystique pour apporter des affirmations d'une admirable concordance. (cf. Jn 1:16) Un tel accord est l'aboutissement idéal des aspirations morales des prophètes. E. P.

Vous avez aimé ? Partagez autour de vous !


Ce texte est la propriété du TopChrétien. Autorisation de diffusion autorisée en précisant la source. © 2022 - www.topchretien.com
  • Contenus
  • Versions
  • Commentaires
  • Strong
  • Dictionnaire
  • Versets relatifs
  • Carte
  • Versets favoris

Pour ajouter un favori, merci de vous connecter : Se connecter

Vous avez aimé ? Partagez autour de vous !

Créer un verset illustré

Logo TopChrétien carré

Télécharger l'image

Choisissez une image

Personnalisez le verset

Alignement : | | | Haut | Milieu | Bas

Taille :

Couleur :

Police :

Personnalisez la référence

Couleur :

Police :

Taille :

De légères variations de mise en page peuvent apparaitre sur l'image téléchargée.

Versets relatifs

    • Ces vidéos ne sont pas disponibles en colonnes en dehors de la vue Bible.

      Lévitique 4

      1 Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,
      2 "Speak to the children of Israel, saying, 'If anyone sins unintentionally, in any of the things which Yahweh has commanded not to be done, and does any one of them:
      3 if the anointed priest sins so as to bring guilt on the people, then let him offer for his sin, which he has sinned, a young bull without blemish to Yahweh for a sin offering.
      4 He shall bring the bull to the door of the Tent of Meeting before Yahweh; and he shall lay his hand on the head of the bull, and kill the bull before Yahweh.
      5 The anointed priest shall take some of the blood of the bull, and bring it to the Tent of Meeting.
      6 The priest shall dip his finger in the blood, and sprinkle some of the blood seven times before Yahweh, before the veil of the sanctuary.
      7 The priest shall put some of the blood on the horns of the altar of sweet incense before Yahweh, which is in the Tent of Meeting; and he shall pour out all of rest of the blood of the bull at the base of the altar of burnt offering, which is at the door of the Tent of Meeting.
      8 He shall take all the fat of the bull of the sin offering off of it; the fat that covers the innards, and all the fat that is on the innards,
      9 and the two kidneys, and the fat that is on them, which is by the loins, and the cover on the liver, with the kidneys, he shall take away,
      10 as it is taken off of the bull of the sacrifice of peace offerings. The priest shall burn them on the altar of burnt offering.
      11 The bull's skin, all its flesh, with its head, and with its legs, its innards, and its dung,
      12 even the whole bull shall he carry forth outside the camp to a clean place, where the ashes are poured out, and burn it on wood with fire. Where the ashes are poured out it shall be burned.
      13 "'If the whole congregation of Israel sins, and the thing is hidden from the eyes of the assembly, and they have done any of the things which Yahweh has commanded not to be done, and are guilty;
      14 when the sin in which they have sinned is known, then the assembly shall offer a young bull for a sin offering, and bring it before the Tent of Meeting.
      15 The elders of the congregation shall lay their hands on the head of the bull before Yahweh; and the bull shall be killed before Yahweh.
      16 The anointed priest shall bring of the blood of the bull to the Tent of Meeting:
      17 and the priest shall dip his finger in the blood, and sprinkle it seven times before Yahweh, before the veil.
      18 He shall put some of the blood on the horns of the altar which is before Yahweh, that is in the Tent of Meeting; and the rest of the blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar of burnt offering, which is at the door of the Tent of Meeting.
      19 All its fat he shall take from it, and burn it on the altar.
      20 Thus shall he do with the bull; as he did with the bull of the sin offering, so shall he do with this; and the priest shall make atonement for them, and they shall be forgiven.
      21 He shall carry forth the bull outside the camp, and burn it as he burned the first bull. It is the sin offering for the assembly.
      22 "'When a ruler sins, and unwittingly does any one of all the things which Yahweh his God has commanded not to be done, and is guilty;
      23 if his sin, in which he has sinned, is made known to him, he shall bring as his offering a goat, a male without blemish.
      24 He shall lay his hand on the head of the goat, and kill it in the place where they kill the burnt offering before Yahweh. It is a sin offering.
      25 The priest shall take some of the blood of the sin offering with his finger, and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering. He shall pour out the rest of its blood at the base of the altar of burnt offering.
      26 All its fat he shall burn on the altar, like the fat of the sacrifice of peace offerings; and the priest shall make atonement for him concerning his sin, and he will be forgiven.
      27 "'If anyone of the common people sins unwittingly, in doing any of the things which Yahweh has commanded not to be done, and is guilty;
      28 if his sin, which he has sinned, is made known to him, then he shall bring for his offering a goat, a female without blemish, for his sin which he has sinned.
      29 He shall lay his hand on the head of the sin offering, and kill the sin offering in the place of burnt offering.
      30 The priest shall take some of its blood with his finger, and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering; and the rest of its blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar.
      31 All its fat he shall take away, like the fat is taken away from off of the sacrifice of peace offerings; and the priest shall burn it on the altar for a pleasant aroma to Yahweh; and the priest shall make atonement for him, and he will be forgiven.
      32 "'If he brings a lamb as his offering for a sin offering, he shall bring a female without blemish.
      33 He shall lay his hand on the head of the sin offering, and kill it for a sin offering in the place where they kill the burnt offering.
      34 The priest shall take some of the blood of the sin offering with his finger, and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering; and all the rest of its blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar.
      35 All its fat he shall take away, like the fat of the lamb is taken away from the sacrifice of peace offerings; and the priest shall burn them on the altar, on the offerings of Yahweh made by fire; and the priest shall make atonement for him concerning his sin that he has sinned, and he will be forgiven.

      1 Chroniques 16

      32 Let the sea roar, and its fullness! Let the field exult, and all that is therein!

      Psaumes 50

      12 If I were hungry, I would not tell you, for the world is mine, and all that is in it.

      Psaumes 96

      11 Let the heavens be glad, and let the earth rejoice. Let the sea roar, and its fullness!

      Jérémie 8

      16 The snorting of his horses is heard from Dan: at the sound of the neighing of his strong ones the whole land trembles; for they have come, and have devoured the land and all that is in it; the city and those who dwell therein.

      Ezéchiel 12

      19 and tell the people of the land, Thus says the Lord Yahweh concerning the inhabitants of Jerusalem, and the land of Israel: They shall eat their bread with fearfulness, and drink their water in dismay, that her land may be desolate, and all that is therein, because of the violence of all those who dwell therein.

      Matthieu 5

      17 "Don't think that I came to destroy the law or the prophets. I didn't come to destroy, but to fulfill.

      Matthieu 13

      48 which, when it was filled, they drew up on the beach. They sat down, and gathered the good into containers, but the bad they threw away.

      Luc 2

      40 The child was growing, and was becoming strong in spirit, being filled with wisdom, and the grace of God was upon him.

      Jean 1

      16 From his fullness we all received grace upon grace.

      Romains 11

      12 Now if their fall is the riches of the world, and their loss the riches of the Gentiles; how much more their fullness?
      33 Oh the depth of the riches both of the wisdom and the knowledge of God! How unsearchable are his judgments, and his ways past tracing out!
      34 "For who has known the mind of the Lord? Or who has been his counselor?"
      35 "Or who has first given to him, and it will be repaid to him again?"
      36 For of him, and through him, and to him, are all things. To him be the glory for ever! Amen.

      Romains 12

      4 For even as we have many members in one body, and all the members don't have the same function,

      Romains 13

      10 Love doesn't harm a neighbor. Love therefore is the fulfillment of the law.

      Romains 15

      29 I know that, when I come to you, I will come in the fullness of the blessing of the Good News of Christ.

      1 Corinthiens 3

      23 and you are Christ's, and Christ is God's.

      1 Corinthiens 12

      12 For as the body is one, and has many members, and all the members of the body, being many, are one body; so also is Christ.

      1 Corinthiens 15

      28 When all things have been subjected to him, then the Son will also himself be subjected to him who subjected all things to him, that God may be all in all.

      2 Corinthiens 11

      9 When I was present with you and was in need, I wasn't a burden on anyone, for the brothers, when they came from Macedonia, supplied the measure of my need. In everything I kept myself from being burdensome to you, and I will continue to do so.

      Galates 4

      4 But when the fullness of the time came, God sent out his Son, born to a woman, born under the law,

      Ephésiens 1

      10 to an administration of the fullness of the times, to sum up all things in Christ, the things in the heavens, and the things on the earth, in him;
      23 which is his body, the fullness of him who fills all in all.

      Ephésiens 3

      19 and to know Christ's love which surpasses knowledge, that you may be filled with all the fullness of God.

      Ephésiens 4

      13 until we all attain to the unity of the faith, and of the knowledge of the Son of God, to a full grown man, to the measure of the stature of the fullness of Christ;

      Colossiens 1

      15 who is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn of all creation.
      19 For all the fullness was pleased to dwell in him;
      24 Now I rejoice in my sufferings for your sake, and fill up on my part that which is lacking of the afflictions of Christ in my flesh for his body's sake, which is the assembly;

      Colossiens 2

      10 and in him you are made full, who is the head of all principality and power;
    • Ajouter une colonne
Update Required To play the media you will need to either update your browser to a recent version or update your Flash plugin pour Firefox & Safari - Flash plugin pour Opera & Chrome.