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PROPHÈTE 1.

I Définition.

II Origines du prophétisme.

III Vocation des prophètes jéhovistes.

IV Le prophétisme jéhoviste à ses débuts.

V Le patriotisme des prophètes.

VI Les trois grands siècles de la prophétie.

VII La prophétie messianique.

VIII Comment Jésus a accompli les prophètes.

I Définition.

Le mot prophète vient du gr. prophètes, de pro, avant, ou devant, et phêmi, dire. « Prophète » peut donc désigner, soit celui qui dit avant, dans le sens de prédire, soit celui qui dit devant, c-à-d, qui déclare hautement et publiquement, dans le sens de professer. Dans les deux cas, prophétie ou profession remontent à la racine pha -briller.

Dans la langue courante, le prophète est l'homme qui éclaire ses semblables, celui par lequel la divinité transmet sa volonté, celui qui, extatique ou non, explique les oracles, qui interprète une doctrine ou qui possède un don de seconde vue et qui annonce l'avenir. Le prophète est proprement l'annonciateur et le voyant. Telles sont bien les qualités reconnues à la catégorie d'hommes que l'A. T, appelle rôèh =voyant, ou nâbî, mot d'origine incertaine et peut-être non sémitique par lequel on désignait en Israël le porte-parole de Jéhovah, l'homme de Dieu (1Sa 2:27 9:6,1Ro 12:22,2Ro 4:21,25), le gardien ou la sentinelle (Esa 21 : et suivants, Jer 6:17, Eze 3:17 33:7, Mic 7:4, Hab 2:1 et suivants, Esa 52:8,56:10 62:6), le serviteur de Jéhovah (Esa 20:3, Jer 25:4 26:5 29:9, Esa 44:26 etc.), le messager de Jéhovah (Esa 42:19, Ag 1:13, Mal 3:1). A côté du nâbî, l'A. T, parle aussi de la nebîâh, la prophétesse (voir ce mot).

Le nâbî, ou prophète, est l'homme de l'Esprit (Os 9:7).

Dans la religion jéhoviste--par où l'on doit entendre la religion révélée à Moïse et développée par les prophètes fidèles à son enseignement, la religion de Jéhovah, le Dieu vivant et vivifiant, la religion biocentrique, c'est-à-dire qui ramène tout à la notion de la vie (voir Alliance, Décalogue, Dieu [les noms de], Philosophie) --vis-à-vis du prêtre qui représente le culte offert par l'homme et le rite, le prophète représente Dieu et l'inspiration. Mais le terme « prophète » est appliqué dans la Bible à d'autres qu'aux représentants de la Révélation ; nous le voyons appliqué aux hommes qui représentent les cultes de Baal et d'Astarté au temps d'Achab (1Ro 18) et, chez les Hébreux, aux courtisans diseurs d'oracles dont les prédictions nationalistes, flattant le peuple et les rois, endormaient les consciences. Les « prophètes de mensonge » furent les adversaires les plus irréductibles des messagers de Jéhovah (Esa 56:10, Mic 3:5,12, Jer 6:13 et suivant Jer 23:9 et suivant Jer 26:7,16,2Ro 22, etc. ; cf. faux prophètes dans le N.T. : Mt 7:15 24:24, etc.). Le terme de prophète en ses diverses acceptions nous introduit donc dans un monde qui déborde infiniment les héros du prophétisme d'Israël et dont ceux-ci furent en quelque manière la sublimation.

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      1 Samuel 2

      27 A man of God came to Eli, and said to him, "Thus says Yahweh, 'Did I reveal myself to the house of your father, when they were in Egypt in bondage to Pharaoh's house?

      Esaïe 20

      3 Yahweh said, "As my servant Isaiah has walked naked and barefoot three years for a sign and a wonder concerning Egypt and concerning Ethiopia,

      Esaïe 21

      1 The burden of the wilderness of the sea. As whirlwinds in the South sweep through, it comes from the wilderness, from an awesome land.
      2 A grievous vision is declared to me. The treacherous man deals treacherously, and the destroyer destroys. Go up, Elam; attack! I have stopped all of Media's sighing.
      3 Therefore my thighs are filled with anguish. Pains have taken hold on me, like the pains of a woman in labor. I am in so much pain that I can't hear. I so am dismayed that I can't see.
      4 My heart flutters. Horror has frightened me. The twilight that I desired has been turned into trembling for me.
      5 They prepare the table. They set the watch. They eat. They drink. Rise up, you princes, oil the shield!
      6 For the Lord said to me, "Go, set a watchman. Let him declare what he sees.
      7 When he sees a troop, horsemen in pairs, a troop of donkeys, a troop of camels, he shall listen diligently with great attentiveness."
      8 He cried like a lion: "Lord, I stand continually on the watchtower in the daytime, and every night I stay at my post.
      9 Behold, here comes a troop of men, horsemen in pairs." He answered, "Fallen, fallen is Babylon; and all the engraved images of her gods are broken to the ground.
      10 You are my threshing, and the grain of my floor!" That which I have heard from Yahweh of Armies, the God of Israel, I have declared to you.
      11 The burden of Dumah. One calls to me out of Seir, "Watchman, what of the night? Watchman, what of the night?"
      12 The watchman said, "The morning comes, and also the night. If you will inquire, inquire. Come back again."
      13 The burden on Arabia. In the forest in Arabia you will lodge, you caravans of Dedanites.
      14 They brought water to him who was thirsty. The inhabitants of the land of Tema met the fugitives with their bread.
      15 For they fled away from the swords, from the drawn sword, from the bent bow, and from the heat of battle.
      16 For the Lord said to me, "Within a year, as a worker bound by contract would count it, all the glory of Kedar will fail,
      17 and the residue of the number of the archers, the mighty men of the children of Kedar, will be few; for Yahweh, the God of Israel, has spoken it."

      Esaïe 42

      19 Who is blind, but my servant? Or who is as deaf as my messenger whom I send? Who is as blind as he who is at peace, and as blind as Yahweh's servant?

      Esaïe 44

      26 who confirms the word of his servant, and performs the counsel of his messengers; who says of Jerusalem, 'She will be inhabited;' and of the cities of Judah, 'They will be built,' and 'I will raise up its waste places;'

      Esaïe 52

      8 The voice of your watchmen! they lift up the voice, together do they sing; for they shall see eye to eye, when Yahweh returns to Zion.

      Esaïe 56

      10 His watchmen are blind, they are all without knowledge; they are all mute dogs, they can't bark; dreaming, lying down, loving to slumber.

      Esaïe 62

      6 I have set watchmen on your walls, Jerusalem; they shall never hold their peace day nor night: you who call on Yahweh, take no rest,

      Jérémie 6

      13 "For from their least even to their greatest, everyone is given to covetousness; and from the prophet even to the priest, everyone deals falsely.
      17 I set watchmen over you, saying, 'Listen to the sound of the trumpet!' But they said, 'We will not listen!'

      Jérémie 23

      9 Concerning the prophets. My heart within me is broken, all my bones shake; I am like a drunken man, and like a man whom wine has overcome, because of Yahweh, and because of his holy words.

      Jérémie 25

      4 Yahweh has sent to you all his servants the prophets, rising up early and sending them (but you have not listened, nor inclined your ear to hear)

      Jérémie 26

      2 Thus says Yahweh: Stand in the court of Yahweh's house, and speak to all the cities of Judah, which come to worship in Yahweh's house, all the words that I command you to speak to them; don't diminish a word.
      5 to listen to the words of my servants the prophets, whom I send to you, even rising up early and sending them, but you have not listened;
      7 The priests and the prophets and all the people heard Jeremiah speaking these words in the house of Yahweh.
      16 Then the princes and all the people said to the priests and to the prophets: This man is not worthy of death; for he has spoken to us in the name of Yahweh our God.

      Jérémie 29

      9 For they prophesy falsely to you in my name: I have not sent them, says Yahweh.

      Ezéchiel 3

      17 Son of man, I have made you a watchman to the house of Israel: therefore hear the word from my mouth, and give them warning from me.

      Ezéchiel 33

      7 So you, son of man, I have set you a watchman to the house of Israel; therefore hear the word at my mouth, and give them warning from me.

      Osée 9

      7 The days of visitation have come. The days of reckoning have come. Israel will consider the prophet to be a fool, and the man who is inspired to be insane, because of the abundance of your sins, and because your hostility is great.

      Michée 3

      5 Thus says Yahweh concerning the prophets who lead my people astray; for those who feed their teeth, they proclaim, "Peace!" and whoever doesn't provide for their mouths, they prepare war against him:
      12 Therefore Zion for your sake will be plowed like a field, and Jerusalem will become heaps of rubble, and the mountain of the temple like the high places of a forest.

      Michée 7

      4 The best of them is like a brier. The most upright is worse than a thorn hedge. The day of your watchmen, even your visitation, has come; now is the time of their confusion.

      Habacuc 2

      1 I will stand at my watch, and set myself on the ramparts, and will look out to see what he will say to me, and what I will answer concerning my complaint.

      Aggée 1

      13 Then Haggai, Yahweh's messenger, spoke Yahweh's message to the people, saying, "I am with you," says Yahweh.

      Malachie 3

      1 "Behold, I send my messenger, and he will prepare the way before me; and the Lord, whom you seek, will suddenly come to his temple; and the messenger of the covenant, whom you desire, behold, he comes!" says Yahweh of Armies.

      Matthieu 7

      15 "Beware of false prophets, who come to you in sheep's clothing, but inwardly are ravening wolves.

      Matthieu 24

      24 For there will arise false christs, and false prophets, and they will show great signs and wonders, so as to lead astray, if possible, even the chosen ones.

      Romains 4

      21 and being fully assured that what he had promised, he was also able to perform.
      25 who was delivered up for our trespasses, and was raised for our justification.

      Romains 12

      2 Don't be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind, so that you may prove what is the good, well-pleasing, and perfect will of God.
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