Paramètres de lecture

Afficher les numéros de versets
Mode dyslexique
Police d'écriture
Taille de texte

Merci à Bibles et Publications Chrétiennes pour la conception du processus d’affichage DYS.

Un outil révolutionnaire de lecture et d'étude de la Bible en ligne Démarrez dès aujourd'hui le plan de lecture offert dont vous avez besoin.

TEMPÉRANCE

En son sens général, ce terme désigne la possession de soi, dans l'éloignement des excès et la modération des passions : idéal auquel se ramenait presque toute la morale païenne (voir PERFECTION, Vertu), notamment celle des Stoïciens.

Cette notion est exprimée dans le N.T. par les mots grecs ephrateïa, egkratès, dont la racine kratem évoque l'idée de puissance (Ac 24:25, Ga 5:22, Tit 1:8,2Pi 1:6, cf. Sir 26:15 : retenue).

Elle se distingue de la notion toute négative d'abstinence ou de continence, exprimée par le verbe de même racine egkrateuesthai (1Co 7:9 9:25).

De même, l'intempérance peut avoir le sens général :

manque de maîtrise sur soi-même (2Ti 3:3), esclavage de divers excès (Mt 23:25), ou s'appliquer à des cas particuliers, comme l'incontinence (1Co 7:5).
Enfin, les termes nèphein, nèphalios désignent la sobriété, la modération dans l'usage du vin en particulier (1Th 5:6,8,1Ti 3:2,11,2Ti 4:5, Tit 2:2,1Pi 1:13 4:7 5:8).

Les deux verbes composés ehnèphein, ananèpheïn, qui désignent le réveil de l'ivresse et le retour à la raison, sont employés au figuré par saint Paul dans 1Co 15:34 et 2Ti 2:26.

Enfin, le terme sophrôn et ses dérivés, employés surtout dans les épîtres pastorales, désignent le plus souvent la maîtrise de soi-même, que nos versions rendent par des traductions variées : tempérance, sagesse, sobriété, modestie, prudence, etc. (1Ti 2:9,15,2Ti 1:7, Tit 1:8 2:2 5,6,1Pi 4:7) ; le sens en est très clair dans la formule de Tit 2:12 : « vivre dans la tempérance, la justice et la piété », accomplissement des devoirs envers soi-même, envers le prochain et envers Dieu, --d'où l'emploi de cette formule compréhensive dans certaines de nos liturgies.

Le devoir de la tempérance n'est point inconnu à l'A.T., quoique le terme ne s'y trouve pas. Il est implicitement indiqué dans les récits qu'il fait de l'ivresse de Noé (Ge 9) ou de Lot (Ge 19) et de leurs suites humiliantes ou dégradantes, dans l'abstinence prescrite aux lévites (Le 10:8) et aux nazirs ; (No 6:3, Jug 13:4) voir Naziréen.

Il est explicite dans les nombreux préceptes des Proverbes sur les conséquences fâcheuses de l'abus du vin (Pr 4:17 20:1 21:17 23:21 31:6, cf. Sir 18:32 et suivants Sir 31:25 37:27,31), et dans les vigoureuses apostrophes des prophètes contre les excès (Am 6:3-7, Os 4:11, Esa 28, Mic 2:11 etc.). Voir Ivresse.

La tempérance, au sens large comme au sens étroit, est naturellement une vertu chrétienne. Elle doit être exigée des frères qui dirigent les communautés (1Ti 3:2 et suivant, Tit 1:8 et suivant, etc.). Elle est un fruit de l'Esprit, dans les vies libérées de l'esclavage de la chair par la grâce de l'Esprit saint (Ga 5:20-22).

Celui qui est en Christ, ayant été appelé à la liberté, n'est pas destiné à l'ascétisme : il peut user de tout, car « tout ce que Dieu a créé est bon, et rien ne doit être rejeté pourvu qu'on le prenne avec actions de grâces » (1Ti 4:4) ;

Mais cette liberté est limitée par :

l'amour fraternel (Ro 14,1Co 8), par le désir de ne pas scandaliser les petits (1Co 10:23), et surtout par la crainte qu'elle ne soit « un prétexte pour vivre de façon charnelle » (Ga 5:13).
En effet, la liberté du chrétien peut être un piège, et s'il met sa confiance en lui-même, il risque de retomber dans l'esclavage honteux des sens.

D'où la nécessité :

d'user de ce monde comme n'en usant pas (1Co 7:31), de prendre garde (1Co 10:12), de veiller (Mt 24:42-51), car si « l'esprit est prompt, la chair est faible » (Mt 26:41).
La tempérance suppose en effet la maîtrise de soi, qui est une grâce, fille de la foi (2Pi 1:5,8) ; l'Évangile n'admet pas de scission entre la vie spirituelle du chrétien et sa vie habituelle : « Si nous vivons par l'Esprit, que notre conduite aussi soit inspirée de l'Esprit » (Ga 5:25). R. H.

Vous avez aimé ? Partagez autour de vous !


Ce texte est la propriété du TopChrétien. Autorisation de diffusion autorisée en précisant la source. © 2022 - www.topchretien.com
  • Contenus
  • Versions
  • Commentaires
  • Strong
  • Dictionnaire
  • Versets relatifs
  • Carte
  • Versets favoris

Pour ajouter un favori, merci de vous connecter : Se connecter

Vous avez aimé ? Partagez autour de vous !

Créer un verset illustré

Logo TopChrétien carré

Télécharger l'image

Choisissez une image

Personnalisez le verset

Alignement : | | | Haut | Milieu | Bas

Taille :

Couleur :

Police :

Personnalisez la référence

Couleur :

Police :

Taille :

De légères variations de mise en page peuvent apparaitre sur l'image téléchargée.

Versets relatifs

    • Ces vidéos ne sont pas disponibles en colonnes en dehors de la vue Bible.

      Genèse 9

      1 God blessed Noah and his sons, and said to them, "Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth.
      2 The fear of you and the dread of you will be on every animal of the earth, and on every bird of the sky. Everything that the ground teems with, and all the fish of the sea are delivered into your hand.
      3 Every moving thing that lives will be food for you. As the green herb, I have given everything to you.
      4 But flesh with its life, its blood, you shall not eat.
      5 I will surely require your blood of your lives. At the hand of every animal I will require it. At the hand of man, even at the hand of every man's brother, I will require the life of man.
      6 Whoever sheds man's blood, his blood will be shed by man, for God made man in his own image.
      7 Be fruitful and multiply. Increase abundantly in the earth, and multiply in it."
      8 God spoke to Noah and to his sons with him, saying,
      9 "As for me, behold, I establish my covenant with you, and with your offspring after you,
      10 and with every living creature that is with you: the birds, the livestock, and every animal of the earth with you, of all that go out of the ship, even every animal of the earth.
      11 I will establish my covenant with you: all flesh will not be cut off any more by the waters of the flood, neither will there ever again be a flood to destroy the earth."
      12 God said, "This is the token of the covenant which I make between me and you and every living creature that is with you, for perpetual generations:
      13 I set my rainbow in the cloud, and it will be for a sign of a covenant between me and the earth.
      14 It will happen, when I bring a cloud over the earth, that the rainbow will be seen in the cloud,
      15 and I will remember my covenant, which is between me and you and every living creature of all flesh, and the waters will no more become a flood to destroy all flesh.
      16 The rainbow will be in the cloud. I will look at it, that I may remember the everlasting covenant between God and every living creature of all flesh that is on the earth."
      17 God said to Noah, "This is the token of the covenant which I have established between me and all flesh that is on the earth."
      18 The sons of Noah who went out from the ship were Shem, Ham, and Japheth. Ham is the father of Canaan.
      19 These three were the sons of Noah, and from these, the whole earth was populated.
      20 Noah began to be a farmer, and planted a vineyard.
      21 He drank of the wine and got drunk. He was uncovered within his tent.
      22 Ham, the father of Canaan, saw the nakedness of his father, and told his two brothers outside.
      23 Shem and Japheth took a garment, and laid it on both their shoulders, went in backwards, and covered the nakedness of their father. Their faces were backwards, and they didn't see their father's nakedness.
      24 Noah awoke from his wine, and knew what his youngest son had done to him.
      25 He said, "Canaan is cursed. He will be servant of servants to his brothers."
      26 He said, "Blessed be Yahweh, the God of Shem. Let Canaan be his servant.
      27 May God enlarge Japheth. Let him dwell in the tents of Shem. Let Canaan be his servant."
      28 Noah lived three hundred fifty years after the flood.
      29 All the days of Noah were nine hundred fifty years, then he died.

      Genèse 19

      1 The two angels came to Sodom at evening. Lot sat in the gate of Sodom. Lot saw them, and rose up to meet them. He bowed himself with his face to the earth,
      2 and he said, "See now, my lords, please turn aside into your servant's house, stay all night, wash your feet, and you can rise up early, and go on your way." They said, "No, but we will stay in the street all night."
      3 He urged them greatly, and they came in with him, and entered into his house. He made them a feast, and baked unleavened bread, and they ate.
      4 But before they lay down, the men of the city, the men of Sodom, surrounded the house, both young and old, all the people from every quarter.
      5 They called to Lot, and said to him, "Where are the men who came in to you this night? Bring them out to us, that we may have sex with them."
      6 Lot went out to them to the door, and shut the door after him.
      7 He said, "Please, my brothers, don't act so wickedly.
      8 See now, I have two virgin daughters. Please let me bring them out to you, and you may do to them what seems good to you. Only don't do anything to these men, because they have come under the shadow of my roof."
      9 They said, "Stand back!" Then they said, "This one fellow came in to live as a foreigner, and he appoints himself a judge. Now will we deal worse with you, than with them!" They pressed hard on the man Lot, and drew near to break the door.
      10 But the men reached out their hand, and brought Lot into the house to them, and shut the door.
      11 They struck the men who were at the door of the house with blindness, both small and great, so that they wearied themselves to find the door.
      12 The men said to Lot, "Do you have anybody else here? Sons-in-law, your sons, your daughters, and whoever you have in the city, bring them out of the place:
      13 for we will destroy this place, because the outcry against them has grown great before Yahweh that Yahweh has sent us to destroy it."
      14 Lot went out, and spoke to his sons-in-law, who were pledged to marry his daughters, and said, "Get up! Get out of this place, for Yahweh will destroy the city." But he seemed to his sons-in-law to be joking.
      15 When the morning came, then the angels hurried Lot, saying, "Get up! Take your wife, and your two daughters who are here, lest you be consumed in the iniquity of the city."
      16 But he lingered; and the men grabbed his hand, his wife's hand, and his two daughters' hands, Yahweh being merciful to him; and they took him out, and set him outside of the city.
      17 It came to pass, when they had taken them out, that he said, "Escape for your life! Don't look behind you, and don't stay anywhere in the plain. Escape to the mountains, lest you be consumed!"
      18 Lot said to them, "Oh, not so, my lord.
      19 See now, your servant has found favor in your sight, and you have magnified your loving kindness, which you have shown to me in saving my life. I can't escape to the mountain, lest evil overtake me, and I die.
      20 See now, this city is near to flee to, and it is a little one. Oh let me escape there (isn't it a little one?), and my soul will live."
      21 He said to him, "Behold, I have granted your request concerning this thing also, that I will not overthrow the city of which you have spoken.
      22 Hurry, escape there, for I can't do anything until you get there." Therefore the name of the city was called Zoar.
      23 The sun had risen on the earth when Lot came to Zoar.
      24 Then Yahweh rained on Sodom and on Gomorrah sulfur and fire from Yahweh out of the sky.
      25 He overthrew those cities, all the plain, all the inhabitants of the cities, and that which grew on the ground.
      26 But his wife looked back from behind him, and she became a pillar of salt.
      27 Abraham got up early in the morning to the place where he had stood before Yahweh.
      28 He looked toward Sodom and Gomorrah, and toward all the land of the plain, and looked, and saw that the smoke of the land went up as the smoke of a furnace.
      29 It happened, when God destroyed the cities of the plain, that God remembered Abraham, and sent Lot out of the middle of the overthrow, when he overthrew the cities in which Lot lived.
      30 Lot went up out of Zoar, and lived in the mountain, and his two daughters with him; for he was afraid to live in Zoar. He lived in a cave with his two daughters.
      31 The firstborn said to the younger, "Our father is old, and there is not a man in the earth to come in to us in the way of all the earth.
      32 Come, let's make our father drink wine, and we will lie with him, that we may preserve our father's seed."
      33 They made their father drink wine that night: and the firstborn went in, and lay with her father. He didn't know when she lay down, nor when she arose.
      34 It came to pass on the next day, that the firstborn said to the younger, "Behold, I lay last night with my father. Let us make him drink wine again, tonight. You go in, and lie with him, that we may preserve our father's seed."
      35 They made their father drink wine that night also. The younger went and lay with him. He didn't know when she lay down, nor when she got up.
      36 Thus both of Lot's daughters were with child by their father.
      37 The firstborn bore a son, and named him Moab. He is the father of the Moabites to this day.
      38 The younger also bore a son, and called his name Ben Ammi. He is the father of the children of Ammon to this day.

      Lévitique 10

      8 Yahweh spoke to Aaron, saying,

      Nombres 6

      3 he shall separate himself from wine and strong drink. He shall drink no vinegar of wine, or vinegar of fermented drink, neither shall he drink any juice of grapes, nor eat fresh grapes or dried.

      Juges 13

      4 Now therefore please beware and drink no wine nor strong drink, and don't eat any unclean thing:

      Proverbes 4

      17 For they eat the bread of wickedness, and drink the wine of violence.

      Proverbes 20

      1 Wine is a mocker, and beer is a brawler. Whoever is led astray by them is not wise.

      Proverbes 21

      17 He who loves pleasure shall be a poor man. He who loves wine and oil shall not be rich.

      Proverbes 23

      21 for the drunkard and the glutton shall become poor; and drowsiness clothes them in rags.

      Proverbes 31

      6 Give strong drink to him who is ready to perish; and wine to the bitter in soul:

      Esaïe 28

      1 Woe to the crown of pride of the drunkards of Ephraim, and to the fading flower of his glorious beauty, which is on the head of the fertile valley of those who are overcome with wine!
      2 Behold, the Lord has a mighty and strong one. Like a storm of hail, a destroying storm, and like a storm of mighty waters overflowing, he will cast them down to the earth with his hand.
      3 The crown of pride of the drunkards of Ephraim will be trodden under foot.
      4 The fading flower of his glorious beauty, which is on the head of the fertile valley, shall be like the first-ripe fig before the summer; which someone picks and eats as soon as he sees it.
      5 In that day, Yahweh of Armies will become a crown of glory, and a diadem of beauty, to the residue of his people;
      6 and a spirit of justice to him who sits in judgment, and strength to those who turn back the battle at the gate.
      7 They also reel with wine, and stagger with strong drink. The priest and the prophet reel with strong drink. They are swallowed up by wine. They stagger with strong drink. They err in vision. They stumble in judgment.
      8 For all tables are completely full of filthy vomit and filthiness.
      9 Whom will he teach knowledge? To whom will he explain the message? Those who are weaned from the milk, and drawn from the breasts?
      10 For it is precept on precept, precept on precept; line on line, line on line; here a little, there a little.
      11 But he will speak to this nation with stammering lips and in another language;
      12 to whom he said, "This is the resting place. Give rest to weary"; and "This is the refreshing"; yet they would not hear.
      13 Therefore the word of Yahweh will be to them precept on precept, precept on precept; line on line, line on line; here a little, there a little; that they may go, fall backward, be broken, be snared, and be taken.
      14 Therefore hear the word of Yahweh, you scoffers, that rule this people in Jerusalem:
      15 "Because you have said, 'We have made a covenant with death, and with Sheol are we in agreement. When the overflowing scourge passes through, it won't come to us; for we have made lies our refuge, and we have hidden ourselves under falsehood.'"
      16 Therefore thus says the Lord Yahweh, "Behold, I lay in Zion for a foundation a stone, a tried stone, a precious cornerstone of a sure foundation. He who believes shall not act hastily.
      17 I will make justice the measuring line, and righteousness the plumb line. The hail will sweep away the refuge of lies, and the waters will overflow the hiding place.
      18 Your covenant with death shall be annulled, and your agreement with Sheol shall not stand. When the overflowing scourge passes through, then you will be trampled down by it.
      19 As often as it passes through, it will seize you; for morning by morning it will pass through, by day and by night; and it will be nothing but terror to understand the message."
      20 For the bed is too short to stretch out on, and the blanket is too narrow to wrap oneself in.
      21 For Yahweh will rise up as on Mount Perazim. He will be angry as in the valley of Gibeon; that he may do his work, his unusual work, and bring to pass his act, his extraordinary act.
      22 Now therefore don't be scoffers, lest your bonds be made strong; for I have heard a decree of destruction from the Lord, Yahweh of Armies, on the whole earth.
      23 Give ear, and hear my voice! Listen, and hear my speech!
      24 Does he who plows to sow plow continually? Does he keep turning the soil and breaking the clods?
      25 When he has leveled its surface, doesn't he plant the dill, and scatter the cumin seed, and put in the wheat in rows, the barley in the appointed place, and the spelt in its place?
    • Ajouter une colonne
Afficher tous les 187 versets relatifs
Update Required To play the media you will need to either update your browser to a recent version or update your Flash plugin pour Firefox & Safari - Flash plugin pour Opera & Chrome.