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VASE

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(hébreu kelî ; grec skeuos). Récipient destiné à recevoir des liquides, ou des matières sèches comme le grain.

Les vases ordinaires étaient d'argile (Esa 29:16, Sir 27:5), de bois ou de pierre (Ex 7:19) ; les vases précieux étaient d'airain (2Sa 8:10), d'argent (Pr 25:4), d'or (1Ro 10:21, Sir 50:9). Les vases de pierre de Cana (grec, hudria) avaient chacun une contenance de deux ou trois mesures (grec, métrète =39,24 1.), soit d'environ 80 à 120 litres chacun, en tout cinq ou six hectolitres.

Il y avait aussi dans le sanctuaire des coupes et des vases sacrés (Ex 25:29, No 7:84 etc.). David avait reçu des vases d'or dont il fit don à Jéhovah (2Sa 8:10). Salomon orna le temple de vases d'airain et d'or destinés au service du culte (1Ro 7:45-50). Ces vases, pris une première fois par Joas, roi d'Israël (2Ro 14:14), furent dérobés par les Caldéens lors du pillage de Jérusalem (2Ro 25:14), puis rendus aux Juifs par Cyrus (Esd 1:7 et suivant). Antiochus Épiphane les vola à son tour (1Ma 1:23). Esa 52:11 dit : « Purifiez-vous, vous qui portez les vases de Jéhovah ! ». (cf. Esa 66:20)

En style figuré, l'A. T, fait du vase brisé l'image des malheureux (Ps 31:13, Jer 22:28 etc.), des rebelles vaincus (Ps 2:9, cf. Ap 2:27). Le N.T. compare au vase le fragile corps humain, qu'il faut ménager) (1Th 4:4,2Co 4:7,1Pi 3:7 [trad., sexe). L'expression « vase d'élection » (Vers. Syn. : « instrument que je me suis choisi ») désigne une fois Saul de Tarse (Ac 9:15). L'apôtre, reprenant une image familière aux prophètes (Esa 45:9, Jer 18 et Jer 19, etc.), compare la toute-puissance de Dieu sur l'homme à la liberté du potier qui fabrique des vases ou les détruit à son gré ; d'où l'image des « vases de colère » et des « vases de miséricorde » (Ro 9:20-24). Dans le même développement il fait allusion aux utilisations nobles ou vulgaires des vases d'une maison (verset 21), s'inspirant en cela de Sag 15:7. (cf. 2Ti 2:20) Voir Pot, Cruche.

Utilisé avec autorisation de Yves PETRAKIAN

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      Exode 7

      19 Yahweh said to Moses, "Tell Aaron, 'Take your rod, and stretch out your hand over the waters of Egypt, over their rivers, over their streams, and over their pools, and over all their ponds of water, that they may become blood; and there shall be blood throughout all the land of Egypt, both in vessels of wood and in vessels of stone.'"

      Exode 25

      29 You shall make its dishes, its spoons, its ladles, and its bowls to pour out offerings with. You shall make them of pure gold.

      Nombres 7

      84 This was the dedication of the altar, on the day when it was anointed, by the princes of Israel: twelve silver platters, twelve silver bowls, twelve golden ladles;

      2 Samuel 8

      10 then Toi sent Joram his son to king David, to Greet him, and to bless him, because he had fought against Hadadezer and struck him: for Hadadezer had wars with Toi. Joram brought with him vessels of silver, and vessels of gold, and vessels of brass:

      Esdras 1

      7 Also Cyrus the king brought forth the vessels of the house of Yahweh, which Nebuchadnezzar had brought out of Jerusalem, and had put in the house of his gods;

      Psaumes 2

      9 You shall break them with a rod of iron. You shall dash them in pieces like a potter's vessel."

      Psaumes 31

      13 For I have heard the slander of many, terror on every side, while they conspire together against me, they plot to take away my life.

      Proverbes 25

      4 Take away the dross from the silver, and material comes out for the refiner;

      Esaïe 29

      16 You turn things upside down! Should the potter be thought to be like clay; that the thing made should say about him who made it, "He didn't make me"; or the thing formed say of him who formed it, "He has no understanding?"

      Esaïe 45

      9 Woe to him who strives with his Maker-- a clay pot among the clay pots of the earth! Shall the clay ask him who fashions it, 'What are you making?' or your work, 'He has no hands?'

      Esaïe 52

      11 Depart, depart, go out from there, touch no unclean thing! Go out of the midst of her! Cleanse yourselves, you who bear the vessels of Yahweh.

      Esaïe 66

      20 They shall bring all your brothers out of all the nations for an offering to Yahweh, on horses, and in chariots, and in litters, and on mules, and on dromedaries, to my holy mountain Jerusalem, says Yahweh, as the children of Israel bring their offering in a clean vessel into the house of Yahweh.

      Jérémie 18

      1 The word which came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, saying,
      2 Arise, and go down to the potter's house, and there I will cause you to hear my words.
      3 Then I went down to the potter's house, and behold, he was making a work on the wheels.
      4 When the vessel that he made of the clay was marred in the hand of the potter, he made it again another vessel, as seemed good to the potter to make it.
      5 Then the word of Yahweh came to me, saying,
      6 House of Israel, can't I do with you as this potter? says Yahweh. Behold, as the clay in the potter's hand, so are you in my hand, house of Israel.
      7 At what instant I shall speak concerning a nation, and concerning a kingdom, to pluck up and to break down and to destroy it;
      8 if that nation, concerning which I have spoken, turn from their evil, I will repent of the evil that I thought to do to them.
      9 At what instant I shall speak concerning a nation, and concerning a kingdom, to build and to plant it;
      10 if they do that which is evil in my sight, that they not obey my voice, then I will repent of the good, with which I said I would benefit them.
      11 Now therefore, speak to the men of Judah, and to the inhabitants of Jerusalem, saying, Thus says Yahweh: Behold, I frame evil against you, and devise a device against you: return you now everyone from his evil way, and amend your ways and your doings.
      12 But they say, It is in vain; for we will walk after our own devices, and we will do everyone after the stubbornness of his evil heart.
      13 Therefore thus says Yahweh: Ask now among the nations, who has heard such things; the virgin of Israel has done a very horrible thing.
      14 Shall the snow of Lebanon fail from the rock of the field? Shall the cold waters that flow down from afar be dried up?
      15 For my people have forgotten me, they have burned incense to false gods; and they have been made to stumble in their ways, in the ancient paths, to walk in byways, in a way not built up;
      16 to make their land an astonishment, and a perpetual hissing; everyone who passes thereby shall be astonished, and shake his head.
      17 I will scatter them as with an east wind before the enemy; I will show them the back, and not the face, in the day of their calamity.
      18 Then they said, Come, and let us devise devices against Jeremiah; for the law shall not perish from the priest, nor counsel from the wise, nor the word from the prophet. Come, and let us strike him with the tongue, and let us not give heed to any of his words.
      19 Give heed to me, Yahweh, and listen to the voice of those who contend with me.
      20 Shall evil be recompensed for good? for they have dug a pit for my soul. Remember how I stood before you to speak good for them, to turn away your wrath from them.
      21 Therefore deliver up their children to the famine, and give them over to the power of the sword; and let their wives become childless, and widows; and let their men be slain of death, and their young men struck of the sword in battle.
      22 Let a cry be heard from their houses, when you shall bring a troop suddenly on them; for they have dug a pit to take me, and hid snares for my feet.
      23 Yet, Yahweh, you know all their counsel against me to kill me; don't forgive their iniquity, neither blot out their sin from your sight; but let them be overthrown before you; deal you with them in the time of your anger.

      Jérémie 19

      1 Thus said Yahweh, Go, and buy a potter's earthen bottle, and take some of the elders of the people, and of the elders of the priests;
      2 and go forth to the valley of the son of Hinnom, which is by the entry of the gate Harsith, and proclaim there the words that I shall tell you;
      3 and say, Hear the word of Yahweh, kings of Judah, and inhabitants of Jerusalem: thus says Yahweh of Armies, the God of Israel, Behold, I will bring evil on this place, which whoever hears, his ears shall tingle.
      4 Because they have forsaken me, and have estranged this place, and have burned incense in it to other gods, that they didn't know, they and their fathers and the kings of Judah; and have filled this place with the blood of innocents,
      5 and have built the high places of Baal, to burn their sons in the fire for burnt offerings to Baal; which I didn't command, nor spoke it, neither came it into my mind:
      6 therefore, behold, the days come, says Yahweh, that this place shall no more be called Topheth, nor The valley of the son of Hinnom, but The valley of Slaughter.
      7 I will make void the counsel of Judah and Jerusalem in this place; and I will cause them to fall by the sword before their enemies, and by the hand of those who seek their life: and their dead bodies will I give to be food for the birds of the sky, and for the animals of the earth.
      8 I will make this city an astonishment, and a hissing; everyone who passes thereby shall be astonished and hiss because of all its plagues.
      9 I will cause them to eat the flesh of their sons and the flesh of their daughters; and they shall eat everyone the flesh of his friend, in the siege and in the distress, with which their enemies, and those who seek their life, shall distress them.
      10 Then you shall break the bottle in the sight of the men who go with you,
      11 and shall tell them, Thus says Yahweh of Armies: Even so will I break this people and this city, as one breaks a potter's vessel, that can't be made whole again; and they shall bury in Topheth, until there is no place to bury.
      12 Thus will I do to this place, says Yahweh, and to its inhabitants, even making this city as Topheth:
      13 and the houses of Jerusalem, and the houses of the kings of Judah, which are defiled, shall be as the place of Topheth, even all the houses on whose roofs they have burned incense to all the army of the sky, and have poured out drink offerings to other gods.
      14 Then came Jeremiah from Topheth, where Yahweh had sent him to prophesy; and he stood in the court of Yahweh's house, and said to all the people:
      15 Thus says Yahweh of Armies, the God of Israel, Behold, I will bring on this city and on all its towns all the evil that I have pronounced against it; because they have made their neck stiff, that they may not hear my words.

      Jérémie 22

      28 Is this man Coniah a despised broken vessel? is he a vessel in which none delights? why are they cast out, he and his seed, and are cast into the land which they don't know?

      Actes 9

      15 But the Lord said to him, "Go your way, for he is my chosen vessel to bear my name before the nations and kings, and the children of Israel.

      Romains 9

      20 But indeed, O man, who are you to reply against God? Will the thing formed ask him who formed it, "Why did you make me like this?"
      21 Or hasn't the potter a right over the clay, from the same lump to make one part a vessel for honor, and another for dishonor?
      22 What if God, willing to show his wrath, and to make his power known, endured with much patience vessels of wrath made for destruction,
      23 and that he might make known the riches of his glory on vessels of mercy, which he prepared beforehand for glory,
      24 us, whom he also called, not from the Jews only, but also from the Gentiles?

      2 Corinthiens 4

      7 But we have this treasure in clay vessels, that the exceeding greatness of the power may be of God, and not from ourselves.

      1 Thessaloniciens 4

      4 that each one of you know how to possess himself of his own vessel in sanctification and honor,

      2 Timothée 2

      20 Now in a large house there are not only vessels of gold and of silver, but also of wood and of clay. Some are for honor, and some for dishonor.

      1 Pierre 3

      7 You husbands, in the same way, live with your wives according to knowledge, giving honor to the woman, as to the weaker vessel, as being also joint heirs of the grace of life; that your prayers may not be hindered.

      Apocalypse 2

      27 He will rule them with a rod of iron, shattering them like clay pots; as I also have received of my Father:
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