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VIERGE

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Dans nos traductions françaises, ce mot est employé là où nous dirions en langage courant « jeune fille » ; par ex. dans la « parabole des dix vierges » (Mt 25:1). Dans ce sens général, voir Jeunesse.

Lorsqu'ils sont employés dans un sens plus précis, les termes hébreux bethoulâ et alemâ ainsi que le grec parthénos expriment l'idée plutôt de fille non mariée que de jeune fille ; ainsi lorsqu'il est parlé des quatre filles du diacre Philippe (Ac 21:9 ; de même Le 21:3). Les mots en effet ont un sens assez vague encore pour que l'auteur doive insister à l'aide d'une périphrase ou d'une épithète, lorsqu'il entend exprimer l'idée précise de virginité (cf. notamment Ge 24:16,2Co 11:2). Cependant le mot bethoulâ semble comporter de façon plus exclusive le sens d'intégrité physique et morale qui s'attache en français au mot « vierge » (De 22:13,21). Il en est de même du mot parthénos dans le passage Ap 14:4.

On trouvera de curieuses stipulations de la Loi relatives à la protection des vierges, dans Ex 22 et Le 21 ; voir aussi les conseils de saint Paul (1Co 7:8,25-38),

Le terme est employé au sens mystique dans l'expression : « la vierge fille de Sion » ou la « vierge fille de l'Egypte » (2Ro 19:31, Esa 37:22, Jer 46:11), qui ne paraît pas non plus comporter une idée d'innocence ou de pureté morale (Jer 18:13).

--Pour le commentaire du célèbre passage Esa 7:14, voir Emmanuel et Prophète, VII

--Pour la Vierge Marie, voir Marie, 2 ; et t. I, p. 619s.

Utilisé avec autorisation de Yves PETRAKIAN

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    • Ces vidéos ne sont pas disponibles en colonnes en dehors de la vue Bible.

      Genèse 24

      16 The young lady was very beautiful to look at, a virgin, neither had any man known her. She went down to the spring, filled her pitcher, and came up.

      Exode 22

      1 "If a man steals an ox or a sheep, and kills it, or sells it; he shall pay five oxen for an ox, and four sheep for a sheep.
      2 If the thief is found breaking in, and is struck so that he dies, there shall be no guilt of bloodshed for him.
      3 If the sun has risen on him, guilt of bloodshed shall be for him; he shall make restitution. If he has nothing, then he shall be sold for his theft.
      4 If the stolen property is found in his hand alive, whether it is ox, donkey, or sheep, he shall pay double.
      5 "If a man causes a field or vineyard to be eaten, and lets his animal loose, and it grazes in another man's field, he shall make restitution from the best of his own field, and from the best of his own vineyard.
      6 "If fire breaks out, and catches in thorns so that the shocks of grain, or the standing grain, or the field are consumed; he who kindled the fire shall surely make restitution.
      7 "If a man delivers to his neighbor money or stuff to keep, and it is stolen out of the man's house; if the thief is found, he shall pay double.
      8 If the thief isn't found, then the master of the house shall come near to God, to find out if he hasn't put his hand to his neighbor's goods.
      9 For every matter of trespass, whether it be for ox, for donkey, for sheep, for clothing, or for any kind of lost thing, about which one says, 'This is mine,' the cause of both parties shall come before God. He whom God condemns shall pay double to his neighbor.
      10 "If a man delivers to his neighbor a donkey, an ox, a sheep, or any animal to keep, and it dies or is injured, or driven away, no man seeing it;
      11 the oath of Yahweh shall be between them both, whether he hasn't put his hand to his neighbor's goods; and its owner shall accept it, and he shall not make restitution.
      12 But if it is stolen from him, he shall make restitution to its owner.
      13 If it is torn in pieces, let him bring it for evidence. He shall not make good that which was torn.
      14 "If a man borrows anything of his neighbor's, and it is injured, or dies, its owner not being with it, he shall surely make restitution.
      15 If its owner is with it, he shall not make it good. If it is a leased thing, it came for its lease.
      16 "If a man entices a virgin who isn't pledged to be married, and lies with her, he shall surely pay a dowry for her to be his wife.
      17 If her father utterly refuses to give her to him, he shall pay money according to the dowry of virgins.
      18 "You shall not allow a sorceress to live.
      19 "Whoever has sex with an animal shall surely be put to death.
      20 "He who sacrifices to any god, except to Yahweh only, shall be utterly destroyed.
      21 "You shall not wrong an alien, neither shall you oppress him, for you were aliens in the land of Egypt.
      22 "You shall not take advantage of any widow or fatherless child.
      23 If you take advantage of them at all, and they cry at all to me, I will surely hear their cry;
      24 and my wrath will grow hot, and I will kill you with the sword; and your wives shall be widows, and your children fatherless.
      25 "If you lend money to any of my people with you who is poor, you shall not be to him as a creditor; neither shall you charge him interest.
      26 If you take your neighbor's garment as collateral, you shall restore it to him before the sun goes down,
      27 for that is his only covering, it is his garment for his skin. What would he sleep in? It will happen, when he cries to me, that I will hear, for I am gracious.
      28 "You shall not blaspheme God, nor curse a ruler of your people.
      29 "You shall not delay to offer from your harvest and from the outflow of your presses. "You shall give the firstborn of your sons to me.
      30 You shall do likewise with your cattle and with your sheep. Seven days it shall be with its mother, then on the eighth day you shall give it to me.
      31 "You shall be holy men to me, therefore you shall not eat any flesh that is torn by animals in the field. You shall cast it to the dogs.

      Lévitique 21

      1 Yahweh said to Moses, "Speak to the priests, the sons of Aaron, and say to them, 'A priest shall not defile himself for the dead among his people;
      2 except for his relatives that are near to him: for his mother, for his father, for his son, for his daughter, for his brother,
      3 and for his virgin sister who is near to him, who has had no husband; for her he may defile himself.
      4 He shall not defile himself, being a chief man among his people, to profane himself.
      5 "'They shall not shave their heads, neither shall they shave off the corners of their beards, nor make any cuttings in their flesh.
      6 They shall be holy to their God, and not profane the name of their God; for they offer the offerings of Yahweh made by fire, the bread of their God; therefore they shall be holy.
      7 "'They shall not marry a woman who is a prostitute, or profane; neither shall they marry a woman divorced from her husband: for he is holy to his God.
      8 You shall sanctify him therefore; for he offers the bread of your God: he shall be holy to you: for I Yahweh, who sanctify you, am holy.
      9 "'The daughter of any priest, if she profanes herself by playing the prostitute, she profanes her father: she shall be burned with fire.
      10 "'He who is the high priest among his brothers, upon whose head the anointing oil is poured, and that is consecrated to put on the garments, shall not let the hair of his head hang loose, nor tear his clothes;
      11 neither shall he go in to any dead body, nor defile himself for his father, or for his mother;
      12 neither shall he go out of the sanctuary, nor profane the sanctuary of his God; for the crown of the anointing oil of his God is upon him. I am Yahweh.
      13 "'He shall take a wife in her virginity.
      14 A widow, or one divorced, or a woman who has been defiled, or a prostitute, these he shall not marry: but a virgin of his own people shall he take as a wife.
      15 He shall not profane his seed among his people: for I am Yahweh who sanctifies him.'"
      16 Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,
      17 "Say to Aaron, 'None of your seed throughout their generations who has a blemish, may approach to offer the bread of his God.
      18 For whatever man he is that has a blemish, he shall not draw near: a blind man, or a lame, or he who has a flat nose, or any deformity,
      19 or a man who has an injured foot, or an injured hand,
      20 or hunchbacked, or a dwarf, or one who has a defect in his eye, or an itching disease, or scabs, or who has damaged testicles;
      21 no man of the seed of Aaron the priest who has a blemish, shall come near to offer the offerings of Yahweh made by fire. Since he has a blemish, he shall not come near to offer the bread of his God.
      22 He shall eat the bread of his God, both of the most holy, and of the holy.
      23 He shall not come near to the veil, nor come near to the altar, because he has a blemish; that he may not profane my sanctuaries, for I am Yahweh who sanctifies them.'"
      24 So Moses spoke to Aaron, and to his sons, and to all the children of Israel.

      Esaïe 7

      14 Therefore the Lord himself will give you a sign. Behold, the virgin will conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel.

      Esaïe 37

      22 this is the word which Yahweh has spoken concerning him. The virgin daughter of Zion has despised you and ridiculed you. The daughter of Jerusalem has shaken her head at you.

      Jérémie 18

      13 Therefore thus says Yahweh: Ask now among the nations, who has heard such things; the virgin of Israel has done a very horrible thing.

      Jérémie 46

      11 Go up into Gilead, and take balm, virgin daughter of Egypt: in vain do you use many medicines; there is no healing for you.

      Matthieu 25

      1 "Then the Kingdom of Heaven will be like ten virgins, who took their lamps, and went out to meet the bridegroom.

      Actes 21

      9 Now this man had four virgin daughters who prophesied.

      1 Corinthiens 7

      8 But I say to the unmarried and to widows, it is good for them if they remain even as I am.

      2 Corinthiens 11

      2 For I am jealous over you with a godly jealousy. For I married you to one husband, that I might present you as a pure virgin to Christ.

      Apocalypse 14

      4 These are those who were not defiled with women, for they are virgins. These are those who follow the Lamb wherever he goes. These were redeemed by Jesus from among men, the first fruits to God and to the Lamb.
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