TRÉSOR

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1. L'ensemble des richesses d'un roi (1Ma 3:28 et suivant) et de son peuple (Esa 39:2), comprenant de l'or, de l'argent, des pierres précieuses et des objets de prix, du fait soit de leur rareté, soit de leur beauté artistique. Ils pouvaient être d'une très grande valeur, comme le prouvent les fouilles faites notamment dans les rares tombes royales d'Egypte (cf. Heb 11:26) qui ont échappé aux pillages. Les archives, pièces officielles, en faisaient partie (Esd 5:17 6:1). Salomon eut un Trésor particulièrement somptueux (1Ro 10:14,29,2Ch 9:13-24). Un intendant gérait les trésors du roi (1Ch 27:23, Ac 8:27). Les trésors des rois vaincus suscitaient la convoitise des vainqueurs, qui se les appropriaient systématiquement (1Ro 14:25 15:18 1Mac 1:23).

2. Les sanctuaires avaient aussi leur Trésor, constitué par les objets précieux que les adorateurs offraient à leurs divinités. Encore aujourd'hui, les grandes cathédrales et basiliques ont chacune leur Trésor, que souvent l'on peut visiter et où voisinent des objets de plus ou moins grande valeur et de saintes reliques. Il y avait à Jérusalem, au Temple de Salomon, des intendants et des gardes du Trésor : (1Ch 26:20,28) l'arche, la table des pains de proposition et le chandelier d'or ont constitué le Trésor primitif ; il s'est ensuite progressivement enrichi. (cf. Ex 25:27 35:4,29 36:3,7, No 7,1Ch 29:1,9) De même au retour de l'exil les offrandes affluèrent pour reconstituer le Trésor du Temple, que les Caldéens avaient emporté en s'emparant de Jérusalem, et que le roi Cyrus restitua d'ailleurs en partie (Esd 1:5-11 2:68 et suivant). Ces gestes volontaires étaient des actes de dévotion et des témoignages de reconnaissance. La richesse du Trésor du Temple semble avoir atteint son apogée sous le règne de Salomon (1Ro 7:48-51). Mais la piété des humbles fidèles, des grands personnages et des rois ne fut pas la seule source de ces richesses. Celles-ci provenaient aussi des butins de guerre, comme pour remercier l'Éternel des armées de la victoire qu'il avait fait remporter. Ainsi David a apporté au Trésor du Temple les produits du pillage des villes et peuplades cananéennes (2Sa 8:10 et suivant, 1Ch 18:7 et suivant). Une déclaration officielle avait consacré à Dieu par interdit (voir ce mot) tout ce qui fut trouvé à Jérico, même les objets en fer, ce qui prouve qu'à cette époque-là ce métal était encore rare et précieux (Jos 6:18-24). Tous ces objets devenaient sacrés, et Acan commit un sacrilège en essayant d'en garder pour lui quelques-uns (Jos 7). A l'époque de Jésus-Christ, le Temple d'Hérode avait aussi son Trésor, où se trouvaient les troncs destinés à recevoir les offrandes (Jn 8:20, cf. Mr 12:41).

3. Grande fortune des particuliers (Pr 8:21 etc.) ; richesses en général. Biens en réserve, destinés aux chercheurs travailleurs : les produits des mines (Job 28:10), des pêches et des plages (De 33:19), ces derniers étant le verre et le coquillage producteur de la pourpre, spécialités des côtes phéniciennes. Le trésor caché dans un champ (Mt 13:44) est une allusion à la précaution des temps de guerres ou de révolutions, où l'on peut être pillé ou chassé de chez soi ; elle était particulièrement fréquente en Orient ; c'est aussi le fait des voleurs (Jos 7:21), ou des avares (Sir 29:10, Mt 25:25), et La Fontaine pouvait avoir en vue ces textes bibliques quand il fait railler celui qui perd son trésor caché dans la terre : « Eh ! sommes-nous en temps de guerre pour l'apporter si loin ? » (Fables, IV, 20 ; cf. V, g sur « un trésor caché dedans », d'après le laboureur parlant à ses enfants). Pour les trésors attaquables par « les vers et la rouille », voir (Mt 6:19) Teigne. Comme l'or, les perles, etc., le trésor sert souvent de terme de comparaison pour les biens les plus précieux (Pr 2:4 15:18, Esa 33:6, Sir 3:4 6:14 41:12, Sag 7:14, etc.). Pour ceux des mages d'Orient (Mt 2:11), voir Mages.

4. Au figuré, ce mot désigne la puissance dont Dieu dispose pour accorder des bienfaits de toutes sortes (De 28:12) ou des châtiments (De 32:34). Il évoque l'idée de magasins, au sens matériel et au sens spirituel (Ps 135:7, Sir 43:14, Bar 3:15 etc.).

5. Richesse spirituelle de l'âme et du coeur : (Esa 33:6, Mt 12:35 13:52 1Ti 6:19) appartenir au Royaume de Dieu (Mt 13:44), connaître Christ (2Co 4:7), vie éternelle (Mt 6:20 19:21), etc. La théologie juridique de Rome appelle « trésors de l'Église » les « mérites de Jésus-Christ et des saints accumulés qui sont, pour l'Église, comme un bien de famille, et où les chefs de l'Église puisent pour accorder des indulgences aux fidèles » (Larousse). Inutile de dire que cette conception matérialiste n'a aucun fondement dans l'Évangile ; c'est le système des indulgences, encore aggravé par le fait d'en battre monnaie, qui provoqua la protestation du XVI e siècle d'où sortit la Réforme.

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  Exode 25
  
  27 the rings shall be close to the rim, for places for the poles to carry the table.
  
  Exode 35
  
  4 Moses spoke to all the congregation of the children of Israel, saying, "This is the thing which Yahweh commanded, saying,
  
  29 The children of Israel brought a freewill offering to Yahweh; every man and woman, whose heart made them willing to bring for all the work, which Yahweh had commanded to be made by Moses.
  
  Exode 36
  
  3 and they received from Moses all the offering which the children of Israel had brought for the work of the service of the sanctuary, with which to make it. They brought yet to him freewill offerings every morning.
  
  7 For the stuff they had was sufficient for all the work to make it, and too much.
  
  Nombres 7
  
  1 It happened on the day that Moses had finished setting up the tabernacle, and had anointed it and sanctified it, with all its furniture, and the altar with all its vessels, and had anointed and sanctified them;
  
  2 that the princes of Israel, the heads of their fathers' houses, offered. These were the princes of the tribes. These are they who were over those who were numbered:
  
  3 and they brought their offering before Yahweh, six covered wagons, and twelve oxen; a wagon for every two of the princes, and for each one an ox: and they presented them before the tabernacle.
  
  4 Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,
  
  5 "Accept these from them, that they may be used in doing the service of the Tent of Meeting; and you shall give them to the Levites, to every man according to his service."
  
  6 Moses took the wagons and the oxen, and gave them to the Levites.
  
  7 He gave two wagons and four oxen to the sons of Gershon, according to their service:
  
  8 and he gave four wagons and eight oxen to the sons of Merari, according to their service, under the direction of Ithamar the son of Aaron the priest.
  
  9 But to the sons of Kohath he gave none, because the service of the sanctuary belonged to them; they carried it on their shoulders.
  
  10 The princes gave offerings for the dedication of the altar in the day that it was anointed, even the princes gave their offerings before the altar.
  
  11 Yahweh said to Moses, "They shall offer their offering, each prince on his day, for the dedication of the altar."
  
  12 He who offered his offering the first day was Nahshon the son of Amminadab, of the tribe of Judah,
  
  13 and his offering was: one silver platter, the weight of which was one hundred thirty shekels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of them full of fine flour mixed with oil for a meal offering;
  
  14 one golden ladle of ten shekels, full of incense;
  
  15 one young bull, one ram, one male lamb a year old, for a burnt offering;
  
  16 one male goat for a sin offering;
  
  17 and for the sacrifice of peace offerings, two head of cattle, five rams, five male goats, and five male lambs a year old. This was the offering of Nahshon the son of Amminadab.
  
  18 On the second day Nethanel the son of Zuar, prince of Issachar, gave his offering.
  
  19 He offered for his offering: one silver platter, the weight of which was one hundred thirty shekels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of them full of fine flour mixed with oil for a meal offering;
  
  20 one golden ladle of ten shekels, full of incense;
  
  21 one young bull, one ram, one male lamb a year old, for a burnt offering;
  
  22 one male goat for a sin offering;
  
  23 and for the sacrifice of peace offerings, two head of cattle, five rams, five male goats, five male lambs a year old. This was the offering of Nethanel the son of Zuar.
  
  24 On the third day Eliab the son of Helon, prince of the children of Zebulun
  
  25 gave his offering: one silver platter, the weight of which was a hundred and thirty shekels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of them full of fine flour mixed with oil for a meal offering;
  
  26 one golden ladle of ten shekels, full of incense;
  
  27 one young bull, one ram, one male lamb a year old, for a burnt offering;
  
  28 one male goat for a sin offering;
  
  29 and for the sacrifice of peace offerings, two head of cattle, five rams, five male goats, and five male lambs a year old. This was the offering of Eliab the son of Helon.
  
  30 On the fourth day Elizur the son of Shedeur, prince of the children of Reuben
  
  31 gave his offering: one silver platter, the weight of which was one hundred thirty shekels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of them full of fine flour mixed with oil for a meal offering;
  
  32 one golden ladle of ten shekels, full of incense;
  
  33 one young bull, one ram, one male lamb a year old, for a burnt offering;
  
  34 one male goat for a sin offering;
  
  35 and for the sacrifice of peace offerings, two head of cattle, five rams, five male goats, and five male lambs a year old. This was the offering of Elizur the son of Shedeur.
  
  36 On the fifth day Shelumiel the son of Zurishaddai, prince of the children of Simeon
  
  37 gave his offering: one silver platter, the weight of which was one hundred thirty shekels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of them full of fine flour mixed with oil for a meal offering;
  
  38 one golden ladle of ten shekels, full of incense;
  
  39 one young bull, one ram, one male lamb a year old, for a burnt offering;
  
  40 one male goat for a sin offering;
  
  41 and for the sacrifice of peace offerings, two head of cattle, five rams, five male goats, and five male lambs a year old: this was the offering of Shelumiel the son of Zurishaddai.
  
  42 On the sixth day, Eliasaph the son of Deuel, prince of the children of Gad
  
  43 gave his offering: one silver platter, the weight of which was one hundred thirty shekels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of them full of fine flour mixed with oil for a meal offering;
  
  44 one golden ladle of ten shekels, full of incense;
  
  45 one young bull, one ram, one male lamb a year old, for a burnt offering;
  
  46 one male goat for a sin offering;
  
  47 and for the sacrifice of peace offerings, two head of cattle, five rams, five male goats, and five male lambs a year old. This was the offering of Eliasaph the son of Deuel.
  
  48 On the seventh day Elishama the son of Ammihud, prince of the children of Ephraim
  
  49 gave his offering: one silver platter, the weight of which was one hundred thirty shekels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of them full of fine flour mixed with oil for a meal offering;
  
  50 one golden ladle of ten shekels, full of incense;
  
  51 one young bull, one ram, one male lamb a year old, for a burnt offering;
  
  52 one male goat for a sin offering;
  
  53 and for the sacrifice of peace offerings, two head of cattle, five rams, five male goats, and five male lambs a year old. This was the offering of Elishama the son of Ammihud.
  
  54 On the eighth day Gamaliel the son of Pedahzur, prince of the children of Manasseh
  
  55 gave his offering: one silver platter, the weight of which was one hundred thirty shekels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of them full of fine flour mixed with oil for a meal offering;
  
  56 one golden ladle of ten shekels, full of incense;
  
  57 one young bull, one ram, one male lamb a year old, for a burnt offering;
  
  58 one male goat for a sin offering;
  
  59 and for the sacrifice of peace offerings, two head of cattle, five rams, five male goats, and five male lambs a year old. This was the offering of Gamaliel the son of Pedahzur.
  
  60 On the ninth day Abidan the son of Gideoni, prince of the children of Benjamin
  
  61 gave his offering: one silver platter, the weight of which was one hundred thirty shekels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of them full of fine flour mixed with oil for a meal offering;
  
  62 one golden ladle of ten shekels, full of incense;
  
  63 one young bull, one ram, one male lamb a year old, for a burnt offering;
  
  64 one male goat for a sin offering;
  
  65 and for the sacrifice of peace offerings, two head of cattle, five rams, five male goats, and five male lambs a year old. This was the offering of Abidan the son of Gideoni.
  
  66 On the tenth day Ahiezer the son of Ammishaddai, prince of the children of Dan
  
  67 gave his offering: one silver platter, the weight of which was one hundred thirty shekels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of them full of fine flour mixed with oil for a meal offering;
  
  68 one golden ladle of ten shekels, full of incense;
  
  69 one young bull, one ram, one male lamb a year old, for a burnt offering;
  
  70 one male goat for a sin offering;
  
  71 and for the sacrifice of peace offerings, two head of cattle, five rams, five male goats, and five male lambs a year old. This was the offering of Ahiezer the son of Ammishaddai.
  
  72 On the eleventh day Pagiel the son of Ochran, prince of the children of Asher
  
  73 gave his offering: one silver platter, the weight of which was one hundred thirty shekels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of them full of fine flour mixed with oil for a meal offering;
  
  74 one golden ladle of ten shekels, full of incense;
  
  75 one young bull, one ram, one male lamb a year old, for a burnt offering;
  
  76 one male goat for a sin offering;
  
  77 and for the sacrifice of peace offerings, two head of cattle, five rams, five male goats, and five male lambs a year old. This was the offering of Pagiel the son of Ochran.
  
  78 On the twelfth day Ahira the son of Enan, prince of the children of Naphtali
  
  79 gave his offering: one silver platter, the weight of which was one hundred thirty shekels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of them full of fine flour mixed with oil for a meal offering;
  
  80 one golden spoon of ten shekels, full of incense;
  
  81 one young bull, one ram, one male lamb a year old, for a burnt offering;
  
  82 one male goat for a sin offering;
  
  83 and for the sacrifice of peace offerings, two head of cattle, five rams, five male goats, and five male lambs a year old. This was the offering of Ahira the son of Enan.
  
  84 This was the dedication of the altar, on the day when it was anointed, by the princes of Israel: twelve silver platters, twelve silver bowls, twelve golden ladles;
  
  85 each silver platter weighing one hundred thirty shekels, and each bowl seventy; all the silver of the vessels two thousand four hundred shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary;
  
  86 the twelve golden ladles, full of incense, weighing ten shekels apiece, after the shekel of the sanctuary; all the gold of the ladles weighed one hundred twenty shekels;
  
  87 all the cattle for the burnt offering twelve bulls, the rams twelve, the male lambs a year old twelve, and their meal offering; and the male goats for a sin offering twelve;
  
  88 and all the cattle for the sacrifice of peace offerings twenty-four bulls, the rams sixty, the male goats sixty, the male lambs a year old sixty. This was the dedication of the altar, after it was anointed.
  
  89 When Moses went into the Tent of Meeting to speak with Yahweh, he heard his voice speaking to him from above the mercy seat that was on the ark of the Testimony, from between the two cherubim: and he spoke to him.
  
  Josué 6
  
  18 But as for you, only keep yourselves from the devoted thing, lest when you have devoted it, you take of the devoted thing; so would you make the camp of Israel accursed, and trouble it.
  
  19 But all the silver, and gold, and vessels of brass and iron, are holy to Yahweh. They shall come into Yahweh's treasury."
  
  20 So the people shouted, and the priests blew the trumpets. It happened, when the people heard the sound of the trumpet, that the people shouted with a great shout, and the wall fell down flat, so that the people went up into the city, every man straight before him, and they took the city.
  
  21 They utterly destroyed all that was in the city, both man and woman, both young and old, and ox, and sheep, and donkey, with the edge of the sword.
  
  22 Joshua said to the two men who had spied out the land, "Go into the prostitute's house, and bring out from there the woman and all that she has, as you swore to her."
  
  23 The young men who were spies went in, and brought out Rahab with her father, her mother, her brothers, and all that she had. They also brought out all her relatives, and they set them outside of the camp of Israel.

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